The comparative evaluation of the organization and quality of nutrition of schoolchildren aged 7–17 years in the period from 1997 to 2013 is carried out. Positive orientation of some indicators of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of power while maintaining the imbalance of the diet has a large significance for the organization of hot nutrition in the formation of functional abnormalities of the major body systems.
Introduction. The article examines the problem of creating healthy learning environments for children and adolescents. The purpose of this research is to identify the characteristics of functional state of schoolchildren’s adaptation system in conditions of limited use of mobile communication devices. Materials and Methods. Data for this study were collected using a hygiene experiment. The sample consisted of 355 schoolchildren. The observation group (n=155) included students separated from their mobile communication devices. The control group consisted of 180 students. The study involved evaluating the functional state of the adaptive capacity of compensatory adaptive mechanisms using generally accepted R. M. Baevsky’s method, modified for the purposes of the research. The identified indicators were subjected to statistical processing. The authors employed the following methods of theoretical research: comparison, formalization, generalization and system analysis. Results. The authors provide an international overview of interventions aimed at reducing mobile phone use in educational settings. The relationship between the state of schoolchildren’s adaptation mechanisms within all age groups and indicators of the cardiovascular system in conditions of separation from mobile communication devices was studied. The authors focus on the values of schoolchildren’s adaptive capacity in conditions of free use of mobile phones during the school day compared to the values obtained in conditions of smartphone separation. The study reveals the correlation between the activity and sensitivity of vegetative regulation of heart rate and gender and age characteristics. Conclusions. The research findings confirm the effectiveness of the restrictions imposed on the use of personal mobile communication devices at comprehensive schools. The authors conclude that limited use of mobile communication devices prevents reducing adaptive capacity of the child's body, therefore it reduces the risk of fatigue and pathological changes.
The tendency that has emerged in recent years towards an increase in the number of overweight children, as well as an increase in the incidence of children associated with obesity and overweight, actualizes the timely indication of deviations in the physical development of children in order to prevent health disorders. The article provides a comparative analysis of methods for assessing the physical development of children using somatometric indicators: methods of sigma deviations (deviation from standard arithmetic mean values by the value of sigma deviation), estimates on regression scales that take into account the correlation between body weight and body length and age (deviations from the proper values from M –1 to M + 2σR), body mass index estimates by calculating the Quetelet index, using the SDS-standard deviation score, Z-score (WHO 2007) and bioimpedance analysis. The generalized analysis in the age group 12–17 revealed the highest percentage of overweight children when analyzed using bioimpedansometry (20.9 %) and when assessing BMI according to the WHO method of 21.2 % regardless of gender and significantly lower indicators when assessing with using regression scales and sigma deviations (9.6 % among boys and 18.7 % — among girls when assessed using regression scales and 15.3 %, and 11.2 % — when assessed by the method of sigma deviations). The broad capabilities of bioimpedance analysis of body composition make it possible to diagnose the presence of overweight and obesity at the individual level. Comparable results obtained in bioimpedance analysis and in assessing body mass index using the method (WHO, 2007), allow us to consider this method in population studies of indication of overweight and obesity as a rather informative method.
The article presents the results of a survey of parents of junior high school students and parental control over the organization of meals. In the course of the sociological research the questions of satisfaction with the organization of hot breakfasts and lunches for pupils of classes 1–4 in connection with the transition to the 100 % coverage with healthy, hot free meals in general educational institutions were studied. Parents of children in grades 1–4 from 60 regions of the Russian Federation participated in the survey. Information was obtained and analyzed on the satisfaction of schoolchildren with organized meals according to the following criteria — satisfaction with the variety of meals, portion size, the number of meals offered, and their taste. The results of parental control are presented, which made it possible to identify the main directions of improving the organization of children’s meals — increasing the duration of breaks, monitoring children’s compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, organizing meals for children who require an individual approach to the organization of food for health reasons.
Summary. Introduction: At present, training of highly qualified military personnel including cadet corps students acquires special importance. Educational programs in cadet corps provide for high daily physical activity of students. At the same time, daily food rationing regulated by current sanitary norms and rules does not comply with higher energy expenditures of such students. The purpose of our study was to substantiate a healthy diet of students of boarding schools taking into account their total daily energy expenditures, calorie needs and requirements for micro- and macronutrients ensuring a high level of functional state of the body, high mental and physical performance. Materials and methods: We studied indicators of health status and physical development of cadets based on the results of medical examinations, results of assessing daily physical activity, and school meals. Daily timekeeping and pulse measurements were used to estimate daily energy expenditures and activity levels. Evaluation of nutrition was based on the analysis of a cyclic menu, process charts, menu layouts, and catering hours. Conclusions: The regulated daily norms of food products adopted in cadet corps subordinate to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation are significantly lower than actual energy expenditures of their students. This reality determines the necessity of revising food rationing. Draft guidelines for hygienic justification of the recommended diet for students with a higher level of physical activity have been developed. The proposals for improvement of boarding school meals were included in the appropriate sanitary rules and regulations within the framework of the regulatory guillotine.
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