The tendency that has emerged in recent years towards an increase in the number of overweight children, as well as an increase in the incidence of children associated with obesity and overweight, actualizes the timely indication of deviations in the physical development of children in order to prevent health disorders. The article provides a comparative analysis of methods for assessing the physical development of children using somatometric indicators: methods of sigma deviations (deviation from standard arithmetic mean values by the value of sigma deviation), estimates on regression scales that take into account the correlation between body weight and body length and age (deviations from the proper values from M –1 to M + 2σR), body mass index estimates by calculating the Quetelet index, using the SDS-standard deviation score, Z-score (WHO 2007) and bioimpedance analysis. The generalized analysis in the age group 12–17 revealed the highest percentage of overweight children when analyzed using bioimpedansometry (20.9 %) and when assessing BMI according to the WHO method of 21.2 % regardless of gender and significantly lower indicators when assessing with using regression scales and sigma deviations (9.6 % among boys and 18.7 % — among girls when assessed using regression scales and 15.3 %, and 11.2 % — when assessed by the method of sigma deviations). The broad capabilities of bioimpedance analysis of body composition make it possible to diagnose the presence of overweight and obesity at the individual level. Comparable results obtained in bioimpedance analysis and in assessing body mass index using the method (WHO, 2007), allow us to consider this method in population studies of indication of overweight and obesity as a rather informative method.
Child health indicators in Russia indicate a negative trend for more than three decades. The formation of children’s health is determined by environmental factors, the level of development of the education system, a complex of socio-economic factors, and lifestyle. The study conducted a retrospective assessment of the incidence of children and adolescents with diseases etiologically related to the food factor in the Russian Federation as a whole and the subjects where cadet corps are located. Analysis of official data of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation from 2011 to 2019 on the total incidence of food-related factors indicates an increase in the incidence of endocrine diseases, diabetes, and obesity in children aged 0–14 years. Children aged 15–17 years showed an increase in the average long-term indicator for diseases of the endocrine system, thyroid diseases, diabetes, obesity, and anemia. Ranking of subjects of the Volga Federal district based on the average long-term data of morbidity indicators, etiologically related to the food factor, made it possible to identify risk areas. According to the results of ranking 1 rank place was taken by the Republic of Tatarstan, the second — Bashkortostan, third place — the Chuvash Republic, fourth place — Perm Krai, fifth place — Udmurt Republic, sixth place — Nizhny Novgorod oblast. According to these diseases, the negative dynamics remains. In General, on the territory of the Volga Federal district, the incidence of children and adolescents corresponds to all-Russian trends, however, the situation is much worse for a number of diseases that are etiologically related to the food factor, namely, diseases of the endocrine system and obesity.
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