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Leukocyte immunization could be borne in mind as a therapeutic approach in selected subjects. Younger females with negative past medical history who are not frequent aborters are more likely to take benefit from this therapeutic approach if they do not have any familial relationship with their spouse.

The clinical use of karyotyping spontaneous ... [3] Future directions of failed implantation and recurrent miscarriage ... [4] An update in recurrent spontaneous ... [5] Immune etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss ... [6] Inflammation and the balance of Treg and Th17 cells in transplant rejection ... [7] Natural killer cells and regulatory T cells in early pregnancy ... [8] Reproductive ... [9] Immune profiling in patients with recurrent ... [10] Autoantibodies and prediction of reproductive ... [11] Autoimmunity and recurrent pregnancy ... [12] Mixed lymphocyte reaction blocking factors (MLR-Bf) as potential biomarker for indication and efficacy of paternal lymphocyte immunization in recurrent ... [13] Joining the immunological dots in recurrent ... [14] Changes and clinical significance of peripheral blood helper T lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cells in unexplained ... [15] Characterization of the subsets of human NKT-like cells and the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with unexplained recurrent ...

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BACKGROUND:Immunotherapy with paternal lymphocytes plays an important role in preventing recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and is an effective treatment for it. This kind of treatment is performed as an immunotherapy method in several centers in the world. It attributes to the production of anti-paternal cytotoxic antibodies (APCAs) in women with RSA. Production of APCA after lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) in RSA patients gives them a better chance for successful pregnancy. Regarding the important effect of trace elements on the function of the immune system, we tried to investigate the correlation between serum zinc level and the success of LIT in RSA.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Serum zinc concentration was determined in two groups of RSA patients using atomic absorption spectrophotometer systems. Group (a) that responded to the paternal lymphocytes and their cross-match test was positive, and group (b) that had no response to the paternal lymphocytes immunizations and their cross-match test was negative.RESULTS:Serum zinc levels in group (a) patients were 74.98 ± 11.88 μg/dl, which was significantly higher than those in group (b) with the zinc concentration of 64.22 ± 9.22 μg/dl.CONCLUSIONS:Zinc deficiency may be one of the substantial causes of negative results for LIT in RSA patients. Therefore, compensation of zinc defect before LIT can be a promising approach to improve the immune response in patients.

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Background: Preeclampsia is a global burden with 10 million incidences annually and 210 daily deaths worldwide. Diagnosis is mainly based on the features following full presentation. Objective: This study explored whether early pregnancy circadian changes of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) could predict preeclampsia and hypertension. Methods: In a prospective study, 294 pregnant women who were referred to Sarem Women’s Hospital, Iran were recruited. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were recorded (diurnally and nocturnally) in each trimester. Dipping was defined as a minimum 10% decrease in blood pressure. Results: Of the 251 women who completed the study, 25 percent (n=63) experienced blunted MAP dipping during sleep phases in the second trimester. Eighty-nine percent (n=56) experienced hypertensive disorder in the third trimester, one-third of which experienced preeclampsia. Of the women with normal MAP dipping (n=188), 5 percent (n=10) had gestational hypertension and 1 percent (n=2) became preeclamptic. (P<0.0001). Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated blunted blood pressure dipping overnight during the second trimester which is a strong predictor of forthcoming pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia. A scoring system was developed to predict hypertensive disorder and it was significantly correlated with preeclampsia occurrence.