Factors Influencing Success Rate of Leukocyte Immunization and Anti‐paternal Antibodies in Spontaneous Recurrent Miscarriage

Abstract

Leukocyte immunization could be borne in mind as a therapeutic approach in selected subjects. Younger females with negative past medical history who are not frequent aborters are more likely to take benefit from this therapeutic approach if they do not have any familial relationship with their spouse.

Lack of anti-paternal cytotoxic antibody production in the presence of spermatozoa in recurrent spontaneous abortion couples in contrast to fertile couples: a pilot study

“…The reduction or absence of APCA is associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Successful lymphocyte therapy is accompanied with APCA development and improvement in live birth rates in RSA women [10][11][12]. This is evidence that indicates that APCA may be produced upon contact with semen and spermatozoa and, based on this evidence, we demonstrated the induction of APCA production by spermatozoa in a recent study.…”

Correlation between serum zinc levels and successful immunotherapy in recurrent spontaneous abortion patients

“…In this study, pregnancy occurred in 49 of 93 patients, which was clinically successful in about 52.7% of them. [23] In the present study, among 86 patients with positive cross-match test, we could follow-up 74 patients. Of them, 51 (68.9%) patients were revealed to have documented pregnancy and, among them, successful clinical pregnancy (gestational age of at least 28 weeks) were recorded in only 38 subjects.…”

“…Increased pregnancy outcome was observed after immunotherapy with paternal lymphocyte in RSA patients by many research groups in the world[202123242526] as well as in our previous investigation at Sarem Infertility Center. [23] However, the efficacy of lymphocyte immunotheraphy (LIT) for RSA was doubted by some researchers, because no beneficial effect was found after LIT. [2728] According to previous studies, the effectiveness of LIT in different patients is variable and the cross-match test becomes positive in some cases only.…”

“…[2728] According to previous studies, the effectiveness of LIT in different patients is variable and the cross-match test becomes positive in some cases only. [323] This difference in response to immunotherapy might be associated with various factors such as the amount of trace elements. In this research study, zinc is suggested to have a critical effect on the outcome of immunotherapy.…”

Evaluation the success rate of treatment failure in patients with unexplained repeated IVF treatments immunization with lymphocytes (LIT) methods

“…Two-year outcome after recurrent implantation failure: prognostic factors and additional interventions [2] Cumulative delivery rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection: 5 year follow-up of 498 patients [3] Cumulative pregnancy rates and drop-out rates in a German IVF programme: 4102 cycles in 2130 patients [4] Cumulative live birth rates in cohorts of patients treated with in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection [5] Factors influencing the cumulative conception rate and discontinuation of in vitro fertilization treatment for infertility [6] Repeated implantation failures following embryo transfer [7] Investigation and treatment of repeated implantation failure following IVF-ET [8] Life table (survival) analysis to generate cumulative pregnancy rates in assisted reproduction: are we overestimating our success rates? [9] The basis and value of currently used immunomodulatory therapies in recurrent miscarriage [10] The immunological profile of infertile women after repeated IVF failure (preliminary study) [11] Major histocompatibility complex antigens, maternal and paternal immune responses, and chronic habitual abortions in humans [12] Leukocyte immunotherapy improves live delivery rates following embryo transfer in women with at least two previous failures: A retrospective review [13] Lymphocyte immunotherapy can improve pregnancy outcome following embryo transfer (ET) in patients failing to conceive after two previous ET [14] Factors Influencing Success Rate of Leukocyte Immunization and Anti-paternal Antibodies in Spontaneous Recurrent Miscarriage Aims The repeated implantation failure (RIF) with unknown cause is one of the important problems in the IVF treatment process. Due to the importance of immunological factors, it seems that modulating the immune system through methods such as lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) is an appropriate strategy for embryo receptivity.…”