Purpose :There is conflicting evidence whether components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) increase or decrease the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The aim of the present study was to determine the association between metabolic syndrome and primary open-angle glaucoma.Methods :A total of 200 participants comprising 100 controls and 100 patients with POAG documented by clinical tests and examined by an experienced ophthalmologist using standard ophthalmologic equipment were included in the study. MetS was defined and based on ATP III criteria and POAG was defined by the criteria of the International Society of Geographic and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO). The data were entered into the SPSS software and analyzed.Results :The prevalence of MetS in the glaucoma group was 53% in comparison to 38% in the control group (p=0.037). MetS was associated with an increased odds ratio for an IOP higher than 21 mmHg (OR: 1.72; 95% CI 1.03-2.79; p=0.034). The mean IOP was 24.91±4.29 mmHg in the patients without MetS, and 27.23±4.81 mmHg in those with MetS (p=0.027). The mean values of CCT were 603.64±63.16 µm in MetS patients and 579.27±72.87 µm in controls (p=0.018).Conclusion :Data showed an increased prevalence of components of metabolic syndrome in patients with glaucoma. The mechanisms underlying these associations need to be established in future studies. Our results support the recommendation that patients with metabolic syndrome undergo regular ophthalmological exams to monitor for the onset or progression of glaucoma.

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Background: Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of mortality and are highly associated with lifestyle. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its major risk factors in the western Iranian city of Borujerd. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 801 subjects older than 35 years of age, recruited via cluster sampling in Borujerd. The diagnosis of CAD was based on the positive results of Rose Angina Questionnaire, Minnesota coding, or prior history of CAD. Then, the risk factors were measured by biochemistry and relevant laboratory examinations, or data extraction from the subjects’ history. Results: The study sample consisted of 412 men and 389 women at a mean age of 54.82±12.11 years. The prevalence of risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, and obesity was 38.2%, 17.4%, 64%, 23.2%, and 22.8%, respectively. Based on the criteria, 19.1% and 31.7% of the CAD cases were definite and probable, respectively. Furthermore, 12.5% had definite signs and symptoms of CAD, and 5.4% had positive Rose Angina Questionnaire outcomes. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated the distribution of CAD in the Iranian city of Borujerd and it was demonstrated that obesity and smoking are the most common risk factors, respectively.

Background: Preeclampsia is a global burden with 10 million incidences annually and 210 daily deaths worldwide. Diagnosis is mainly based on the features following full presentation. Objective: This study explored whether early pregnancy circadian changes of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) could predict preeclampsia and hypertension. Methods: In a prospective study, 294 pregnant women who were referred to Sarem Women’s Hospital, Iran were recruited. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were recorded (diurnally and nocturnally) in each trimester. Dipping was defined as a minimum 10% decrease in blood pressure. Results: Of the 251 women who completed the study, 25 percent (n=63) experienced blunted MAP dipping during sleep phases in the second trimester. Eighty-nine percent (n=56) experienced hypertensive disorder in the third trimester, one-third of which experienced preeclampsia. Of the women with normal MAP dipping (n=188), 5 percent (n=10) had gestational hypertension and 1 percent (n=2) became preeclamptic. (P<0.0001). Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated blunted blood pressure dipping overnight during the second trimester which is a strong predictor of forthcoming pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia. A scoring system was developed to predict hypertensive disorder and it was significantly correlated with preeclampsia occurrence.

Cardiac myxoma is the most frequent benign tumors of heart. A 37-year-old woman dropped during the second prostration in prayer and decreased his mental state, with no prior history of syncope. On cardiac examination, there was an early diastolic sound that was compatible with a tumor plop. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed which showed the presence of a pediculated mass in the left atrium, with an appearance suggestive of atrial myxoma. Atrial Myxoma can appear with non-specific symptoms. The best diagnostic method for myxoma is echocardiography that has a high sensitivity