The physico-chemical properties of gelatins from the skins of Red tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica), Walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) and Striped catfish (Pangasius sutchi fowler) obtained through a liming process for 14 days were evaluated. All the gelatins had very mild to undetectable fishy odour and had acceptable colour attributes, which were light yellowish to whitish. The highest gelatin yield (dry basis) was obtained from red tilapia (39.97%) skin and the bloom strength exceeded 300 g. The pH values of the gelatins were in the vicinity of 5.0. The viscosity (cp) was highest in striped catfish, followed by red tilapia and walking catfish. Their melting points were in the vicinity of 26 ± 1 °C. Turbidity was lowest in the red tilapia gelatin. Glycine, proline and alanine were the three highest amino acids found in all the gelatins obtained.

The use of prebiotics and probiotics in fish meal processing is an alternative method to produce fish meal without boiling, steaming and pressing process. Processing fish meal using prebiotics and probiotics does not produce waste and bad odor that potentially pollutes the environment. This study aims to evaluate physical, chemical and microbiological quality of fish meal processed using two types of prebiotic sources i.e. coconut meal (CM) and palm kernel meal (PKM) and three levels (0; 1 and 2%) of Probio_FM probiotics. The experiment was carried out using a factorial 2 x 3 in complete randomized design with four replications. The variables observed were physical characteristics (aroma, color and texture), microbiological characteristics (number of Lactobacillus spp. and Salmonella colonies), and chemical composition of fish meal (moisture content, crude protein, ether extact and gross energy). The results showed that fish meal processed using prebiotics with or without probiotics had a specific odor of fish meal, light brown color to dark brown, not greasy, not clumping and not indicating physical changes and rancidity after four months of storage. The use of prebiotics combined with Probio_FM produces fish meal free of Salmonella, containing 1010 cfu/g of Lactobacillus spp.; 43, 77 to 45, 81% crude protein; 8, 16 to 11, 35% ether extract; and 4354 to 4529 kcal/kg Gross Energy. It was concluded that the use of coconut meal or palm kernel meal with or without Probio_FM could be applied to produce fish meal as a source of protein as well as source of energy and probiotics, however the combination of prebiotics and probiotics would be better for inhibiting Salmonella growth.

This research primarily focuses on analyzing the transposition that occurred in translation of Kim Yu Jeong's novel Ttaengbyeot to Sengat Matahari and the effects of the transposition. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. The data used are the transpositions contained in the novel Ttaengbyeot by Kim Yu Jeong and its translation, Sengat Matahari. Framing within Catford theory, the data were analyzed from collecting the data, classifying the data according to its type, reducing the data, and providing explanations. The results found 179 data transpositions consisting of five shifts namely: level shift, structure shift, class shift, and unit shift. From the five shifts, the structure shift was the most frequent one with 81 occurrences. The analysis of the structure shift indicates the different structure of Indonesian language and Korean language which explains why transposition is needed during translation. The effects of transposition in this translation of the novel are to simplify the translation process, to resolve the different structure of Source Language (SL) and Target Language (TL), and to clarify linguistic terms unknown in TL.

1946 was a recovery year after Second World War ended and the early modern era. At the beginning of modern era, children were taught the basic attitude of well manners and respecting others. The social attitudes into children give adults more attention to children as separate beings, innocent, and need of protection. Therefore, this study aimed to explain (1) what British expectation toward children’s future described on Enid Blyton’s Malory Towers (2) children’s characters in Enid Blyton’s Malory Towers formed by the participation of British role and (3) today’s perspective of British ideas in 1946. Qualitative descriptive study is employed with “horizon of Expectation” of reader response theory by Hans Robert Jauss is served to analyze the data. It is found that as illustrated in Malory Towers, British were expected their children to be kind, good-hearted, loved, trusted, and reliable child. In addition, parents, school, and friend’s role are important to forming children’s character to teach some values such as discipline, responsible, politeness, caring, loyal and understanding, respectful, mental strength, steady and wise attitude to reach the ideal future. On other hand, in 1946, education aims to change the society to fit the ideas of the ruling government or to create the utopian society through education. Furthermore, there are some similarities and differences of British ideas in 1946 and today’s perspective of British education system and boarding school in which all the ideas have a good aim for children’s future.s

The purpose of this study was to discover the form, the meaning, and the marker in the lexical cohesion of synonyms and antonyms in the "Uju Hotel" children's storybook. This research was conducted due to the inadequate literature, focusing on synonyms and antonyms lexical cohesion markers in the Korean language. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this research by using a textual analysis method. The data source used children's storybook of "Uju Hotel". In this research, data came from written literature, memos, and records. The results showed that the synonyms occurred ten times, which consisted of euphemisms (wangogo-beop), language style (munche), and connotation (naepho). On the other hand, the antonyms occurred 28 times, which consisted of relation (gwangye), complementary (sangbo), and level (jeongdo). synonyms markers for the (bangon) dialect and the noun naming (jeonmuneo) were not in the "Uju Hotel" children's book. This research concludes that the use of antonyms in a Korean children's book is more dominant than synonyms. Apart from those forms, synonyms, and antonym are used to develop cohesiveness and harmony in discourse to be understood by the students.