Laboratory experiment was conducted at Seed Technology Research Unit in Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, Field Crop Research Institute Agricultural research center to evaluate germination and seedling growth of fifty-one rice genotypes under water stress conditions induced by 20% of polyethylene glycol 6000. Also, Field experiments were carried out at Sakha Farm Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during 2009 and 2010 seasons to evaluate the same fifty-one rice genotypes under flashing water irrigation every 12 days. The results indicated that 20% of PEG solution inhibited all seedling characters in the most of rice genotypes.
and 30° 56' E longitude) during the two successive growing seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 to study the overall effect of drip irrigation management on sugar beet productivity, its components and some water relations in clay soil in North Nile Delta. The treatments were arranged in a split plot design with four replicates. The main plots were assigned to three types emitters of drip irrigation system namely: built-in, simple orifice and long-path. Three irrigation regimes i.e. 10 minutes daily, 20 minutes every two days and 30 minutes every three days were allocated in the sub plots. The main results in this study can be summarized in the following points: 1-The drip irrigation with long-path emitters (Turbo) had been achieved the highest average values
Two field experiments were conduced during 2003 and 2004 seasons to study the effect of three irrigation rates of 13.584, 10.188 and 6.792 m 3 /tree/year (I1, I2 and I3) and two mulching types viz, black polethylene and dry cut grass, (M1, M2, M0) comparing to bare soil respectively as well as their interactions on production, fruit quality, water consumptive use (WCU), crop coefficient (Kc) and water use efficiency (WUE) of anna apple trees bedded on Malus rootstock and grown in loamy sand soil at El-Bostan region, El-Beheira governorate. Reduced drip irrigation regime from 13.584 to 6.792 m 3 /tree/year significantly decreased fruit yield associated with decreasing fruit set and increasing preharvest fruit drop, and also decreasing average fruit weight length, diameter, total soluble solids (TSS%), water consumptive use and crop coefficient (Kc) values. The highest values always belonged to I1 and I2 rates in both seasons. While, the highest values of fruit firmness, water use efficiency (WUE) kg/m 3 were obtained with the deficit (I3) and moderate (I2) irrigation regimes without significant difference between them. Meanwhile, total acidity was not affected by the tested irrigation regimes. Soil mulching with dry cut grass or black P.E produced maximum yield with good physical and chemical properties, it also decreased monthly and seasonal water consumptive use and Kc values but, increased water use efficiency (WUE). The interaction (I x M) was usually significant which obtained the highest productivity, best quality, highest water use efficiency and less water consumptive use values were recorded with (I2 x black P.E) and (I2 x cut grass) combination treatments in the two seasons of study. Thus, this study recommends "Anna" apple growers to use moderate irrigation rate I2 (10.188 m 3 /tree/year) under dry cut grass mulching in (I2 x cut grass) combination treatment which considered the best one for obtaining maximum yield with a good quality. This treatment also reduced water consumptive use and increased water use efficiency (WUE).
The current study investigated the influence of Water Users Associations (WUAs) in the operation and the maintenance of the facilities of improved areas in Egypt. With the establishment of irrigation improvement projects, it was planned that WUAs would play an important role in improving water management and ensuring the sustainability of the improved system through enhancing the cooperation between farmers, scheduling the irrigation and maintaining the improved Mesqas (distributaries).The current study aims to check the actual situation after the implementation of irrigation improvement projects through collecting data from samples according to design questionnaires in the improved areas, and analyzing the collected data to investigate the influence of these associations.The results showed that the influence of WUAs in Egypt was still very limited. Irrigation practices were close to the old trend, which was targeting by irrigation improvement projects. The improved system was operated based on the natural relationships between farmers, with no predefined irrigation schedule targeting improving water management. The operator was the main person, and his role was just to arrange the irrigation based on the reservation of the farmers. Old lifting points were still used in the new system. This gave the farmers the chance to work individually, which could decrease the direct conflicts between them, but it had negative impact on water use efficiency. The maintenance of the system was poor, and the target was just to make the system work without considering the sustainability of the system.The study discussed the reasons behind the weak influence of WUAs including the characteristics of such organizations and different factors that affect their performance. In addition, the study suggested the required steps to improve the capacities of these organizations and to enhance the coordination between farmers including the precise distribution of water supply, and the support from the government.
Field experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of El-Karada water management research station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during 2008 and 2009 summer seasons to study the impact of farm water management on the cotton yield and economic benefit for irrigation water unit. To attain this goal, different methods of planting and different irrigation treatments were investigated on the Giza 86 v. cotton. A splitplot design with four replicates were used, the mainplots were furrow and bed (ridge) planting methods. While , four irrigation treatments were allocated in the sub-plots , which were irrigation at FC % ,90 % FC ,85 % FC and 80 % FC . The main results in this study can be summarized as follows: -The bed planting method had the minimum values of water applied and water consumptive use compared with the furrow planting method for all irrigation treatments. Using the bed planting method instead of furrow planting method saved about 396 m3 per fed (15.6%) with irrigation at 80 % FC.
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