Laboratory experiment was conducted at Seed Technology Research Unit in Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, Field Crop Research Institute Agricultural research center to evaluate germination and seedling growth of fifty-one rice genotypes under water stress conditions induced by 20% of polyethylene glycol 6000. Also, Field experiments were carried out at Sakha Farm Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during 2009 and 2010 seasons to evaluate the same fifty-one rice genotypes under flashing water irrigation every 12 days. The results indicated that 20% of PEG solution inhibited all seedling characters in the most of rice genotypes.
The effectiveness of chitosan zinc oxide nanoparticles (CS-ZnO-NPs) on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Sakha-93), zinc content and water use efficiency (WUE) under water stress were investigated. A pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design by foliar application of CS-ZnO-NPs. Wheat plants were sprayed four times at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing. The treatments were: control (treated with distilled water), 50, 100 and 150 ppm of CS-ZnO-NPs under 100, 80 and 60% of field capacity. Water shortage has a negative effect on growth parameters and productivity of wheat plants. While the foliar application of 150 ppm CS-ZnO-NPs significantly increased (P≤0.05) NPK content, growth parameters which in turn led to increase the productivity. The highest values of wheat yield were: 4990.55, 4453.50 and 4350.50 kg/ha under 100 80 and 60% of irrigation water, respectively at 150 ppm CS-ZnO-NPs.The highest values of N, P and K content in wheat grain were 1.95, 0.43 and 1.66, respectively at 100% FC under150 ppm CS-ZnO-NPs compared to control. Zn content in wheat grain significantly increased (P≤0.05) by application of CS-ZnO-NPs. The interaction of supplementary irrigation water and CS-ZnO-NPs treatments gave clear variation in water use efficiency. The highest relative increase of WUE (23.03%) was at the highest rate of CS-ZnO-NPs (150 ppm). Overall, the data suggested that the foliar application of CS-ZnO-NPs can be an efficient strategy for improving wheat yield, water use efficiency under deficit water and one of the solutions for Zn deficiency in wheat grains.
and 30° 56' E longitude) during the two successive growing seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 to study the overall effect of drip irrigation management on sugar beet productivity, its components and some water relations in clay soil in North Nile Delta. The treatments were arranged in a split plot design with four replicates. The main plots were assigned to three types emitters of drip irrigation system namely: built-in, simple orifice and long-path. Three irrigation regimes i.e. 10 minutes daily, 20 minutes every two days and 30 minutes every three days were allocated in the sub plots. The main results in this study can be summarized in the following points: 1-The drip irrigation with long-path emitters (Turbo) had been achieved the highest average values
Two field experiments were conduced during 2003 and 2004 seasons to study the effect of three irrigation rates of 13.584, 10.188 and 6.792 m 3 /tree/year (I1, I2 and I3) and two mulching types viz, black polethylene and dry cut grass, (M1, M2, M0) comparing to bare soil respectively as well as their interactions on production, fruit quality, water consumptive use (WCU), crop coefficient (Kc) and water use efficiency (WUE) of anna apple trees bedded on Malus rootstock and grown in loamy sand soil at El-Bostan region, El-Beheira governorate. Reduced drip irrigation regime from 13.584 to 6.792 m 3 /tree/year significantly decreased fruit yield associated with decreasing fruit set and increasing preharvest fruit drop, and also decreasing average fruit weight length, diameter, total soluble solids (TSS%), water consumptive use and crop coefficient (Kc) values. The highest values always belonged to I1 and I2 rates in both seasons. While, the highest values of fruit firmness, water use efficiency (WUE) kg/m 3 were obtained with the deficit (I3) and moderate (I2) irrigation regimes without significant difference between them. Meanwhile, total acidity was not affected by the tested irrigation regimes. Soil mulching with dry cut grass or black P.E produced maximum yield with good physical and chemical properties, it also decreased monthly and seasonal water consumptive use and Kc values but, increased water use efficiency (WUE). The interaction (I x M) was usually significant which obtained the highest productivity, best quality, highest water use efficiency and less water consumptive use values were recorded with (I2 x black P.E) and (I2 x cut grass) combination treatments in the two seasons of study. Thus, this study recommends "Anna" apple growers to use moderate irrigation rate I2 (10.188 m 3 /tree/year) under dry cut grass mulching in (I2 x cut grass) combination treatment which considered the best one for obtaining maximum yield with a good quality. This treatment also reduced water consumptive use and increased water use efficiency (WUE).
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