Molecular markers were used to evaluate genetic similarity among 36 citrus accessions (C. sinensis, C. reticulata, C. limon and cultivars) of the Greek national clonal germplasm repository located in Poros. In total, nine RAPD and five ISSR primers produced 262 loci, of which 236 were polymorphic. Both techniques were proven to be equally analytical with an average discrimination power above 0.9. The RAPD and ISSR markers were highly correlated and clustering among them had high correspondence. Citrus accessions formed separate clusters according to their species, even though sweet orange and mandarin cultivars revealed high affinity, while lemons were more divergent. C. sinensis genotypes had the highest intragenetic affinity suggesting that cultivated oranges have a narrow genetic base. On the contrary, the C. reticulata group was the most variable. In general, Greek varieties exhibited a distinctive genetic background that could be discriminated from foreign established cultivars using the mentioned molecular techniques. This information could facilitate their use in future Citrus spp. breeding programs.
Using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method, the identification and the genetic description of 28 upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars currently cultivated in Greece was attempted. Based on the results of a preliminary experiment using 50 ten-base arbitrary primers, 24 were selected for the main experiment. DNA bands totaling 181 were observed, 118 (65.2%) of which were polymorphic. On the average, 7.5 DNA bands were amplified per primer, 4.9 of which were polymorphic. The unique identification of all cultivars studied was made possible using 27 specific polymorphic bands (markers) corresponding to 16 primers and a specially constructed key. The genetic similarity of the cultivars was estimated using Jaccard's similarity coefficient, which ranged from 0.614 to 0.922, indicating a relatively narrow genetic base. Cluster analysis by the Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic means (UPGMA) showed that 21 of the cultivars could be placed into 3 major groups. A similar clustering of the cultivars was obtained using principal coordinate analysis.
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