Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is included in the genus Solanaceae, which were propagated by vegetative through tubers. Viral systemic disease is an important seed-borne disease, with tissue culture technique combined with explant size, added antiviral Ribavirin, could be used for eliminated diseases in growth and development. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of antiviral Ribavirin concentrations, explant size and varieties on growth and development of meristematic. The treatment was concentration antiviral Ribavirin (0, 15, 20 mg/l), in MS media, explants size (meristems, shoot tips), varieties (Granola, Medians, Atlantic). The research was conducted from March to September 2019 in the IVEGRI tissue culture laboratory. The results were concluded as follow 1). the percentage of explant shoot tip contamination were higher than the meristem. 2) the average number of shoots, nodes and roots per plantlet from the treatment of varieties, explant size and the added of antiviral Ribavirin has an effect, where the average number of shoot tips were higher than the meristem. 3) The percentage of plantlets abnormal up to 12 WAP was 20 to 50%. 4) The results of the serology DAS ELISA test for both varieties, the added of antiviral Ribavirin and explant meristem has been decreased the number of PLRV infected.
ABSTRAK. Penelitian untuk mengevaluasi klon kentang unggul baru asal the International Potato Center (CIP) dalam rangka mendapatkan klon kentang dengan hasil umbi yang tinggi baik untuk kentang konsumsi (table potato) maupun untuk kentang olahan (processing potato) yang dapat diterima petani secara berkelanjutan telah dilaksanakan di dataran tinggi Malino, yaitu di Desa Bulubalea (1.500 m dpl.), Kelurahan Pattapang, Kecamatan Tinggimoncong, Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan sejak bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2012. Dua puluh klon kentang unggul asal CIP sebagai perlakuan dan dua varietas kentang yaitu Granola dan Atlantic sebagai kontrol dievaluasi dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dan setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Pada penelitian ini, petani kentang dilibatkan untuk mengevaluasi klon kentang baik pada saat pertumbuhan maupun pada saat panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga klon kentang yaitu klon kentang 393708.31, 388615.22, dan 397079.6 menunjukkan hasil umbi per ha tertinggi yang berbeda nyata dengan beberapa klon kentang lainnya dan cv. Granola yang merupakan varietas kentang yang umum ditanam petani kentang di Indonesia. Dalam hal hasil umbi per tanaman, klon kentang 393708.31 memberikan hasil umbi per tanaman yang tertinggi yaitu sebesar 866 g per tanaman, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan klon kentang 388615.22, 397006.18, dan 397079.6, namun berbeda nyata dengan klon kentang lainnya yang ditanam pada penelitian ini. Delapan klon kentang yaitu 388615.22, 393708.31, 397006.18, 397065.28, 397069.5, 397079.6, 399101.1, dan 392822.3, dipilih petani, baik pada saat periode pertumbuhan tanaman dan pada saat panen. Hasil penelitian dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pemilihan klon yang mempunyai keunggulan untuk mendapatkan varietas kentang yang mempunyai hasil umbi tinggi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi petani, sehingga dapat diterima petani secara berkelanjutan.
Tanaman bawang putih (Allium sativum L) termasuk dalam genus Allium yang diperbanyak secara vegetatifmelalui umbi. Virus merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang perlu dipecahkan pada pembiakan vegetatif ini.Teknik inkonvensional kultur jaringan yang dikombinasikan dengan kemoterapi dapat membantu menghilangkanpenyakit virus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dari beberapa konsentrasi antiviral ribavirin dimedia MS terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan shoot tip Bawang putih cv Lumbu Hijau, cv. Lumbu Kuning,cv. Tawangmangu. Percobaan dilakukan di laboratorium kultur jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayur(Balitsa), pada bulan Mei hingga Juli 2015. Sasaran penelitian adalah untuk menghasilkan tanaman bebas virusdengan menggunakan teknik kultur jaringan yang dikombinasikan dengan kemoterapi. Varibel yang diamatiadalah pertumbuhan dan perkembangan planlet bawang putih. Hasil dari penelitian (1) Kontaminasi kulturumumnya disebabkan oleh bakteri dan jamur dengan persentase 10 % sampai dengan 30%. (2) Penambahanantiviral ribavirin, semakin tinggi konsentrasi persentase tumbuh dan berkembang semakin rendah untuk ketigakultivar (3) Pengamatan secara visual penambahan antiviral ribavirin dan kultivar tidak berpengaruh pada jumlahtunas, rata-rata dari satu eksplan tumbuh satu tunas untuk ketiga kultivar (4). Penambahan antiviral ribavirin dankultivar tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuuhan daun, akar ketiga kultivar (5).Hasil pengujian virus dengan teknikDAS ELISA persentase kultur yang terinfeksi 54.55% sampai dengan 100 %.Kata kunci: bawang putih (Allium sativum L); antiviral ribavirin; kultivarABSTRAKThe garlic (Allium sativum L) belonging to the genus Allium, propagated in vegetative through bulb. Inthe plants propagated by vegetative technique, virus is an important disease to be solved. The tissue culturetechniques in combination with chemotheraphy could eliminate virus diseases. The experiment carried out in thelaboratory tissue culture, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayur (Balitsa) on May untill July 2015. The experiment aimsto observe the effect of several antiviral ribavirin concentration in MS medium on growth and development shoottip cv. Lumbu hijau , cv. Lumbu kuning , cv. Tawangmangu. It’s main goal is to produce virus-free plants usingtissue culture techniques combined with chemotheraphy. The variables observed were the growth and developmentof garlic plantlets. The results of the experiment are; (1). Culture contamination were generally caused by bacteriaand fungi with a percentage of 10% to 30%. (2) In the high concentration of antiviral ribavirin gave results ondecreasing growth and development of the three garlic cultivar (3) On visual observation, cultivar and antiviralribavirin has no effect on the number of shoots, each explants were growing one shoot. (4). The added of antiviralribavirin and cultivar does not affect on growth the three garlic cultivar . (5) The results of the test virus byserological test DAS ELISA techniques the percentage of infected culture were 54.55% to 100%.Key word : Garlic (Allium sativum L); Antiviral ribavirin; cultivar
The response of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) to oriental fruit fly infestation (Bactrocera dorsalis) is highly variable among varieties. The differences in the resistance level of chili to oriental fruit fly infestation are presumed to be determined by the characteristics of chili fruit. This study aims to evaluate the morphochemical characteristics of different resistance levels of chili fruits to oriental fruit fly infestation in field conditions. The field test was carried out at the research station of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), West Java, Indonesia. Six essential derivatives of C. annuum from IVEGRI, consisting of three resistant and three susceptible varieties, were established in a prior investigation. The test population included 132 plants, with 22 plants planted for each variety. The resistance parameters observed were oviposition incidence, yield loss, fitness index, and chili fruit characteristics (morphology, nutrition, volatile compounds). The results showed that there were morphological and chemical differences between the varieties resistant and susceptible to oriental fruit fly infestation. The morphological characteristics of the fruit (width, weight, and thickness of fruit flesh) and fruit shape at pedicel attachment had an impact on the resistance level of fruit flies. Meanwhile, volatile compounds, water content, carbohydrates, and fiber content were among the chemical features that influenced oriental fruit fly infestation.
The phenotypic performances have formed the basis for genetic purity evaluation. However, the phenotypic based the genetic purity assessment are time-consuming, expensive, and not stable due to a great environmental effect on traits expression. While, the genotypic based genetic purity evaluation of a variety offers an efficient, more stable, and precise result than those phenotypic method due to no environmental factors involved. The objectives of this study were to determine genetic purity and population structure of Granola L. potato variety derived from twelve collection sources using microsatellite markers. This study consisted of following steps, such as cultivation of Granola L. potato varieties in the field, DNA isolation, PCR analysis, amplified DNA fragment analysis. The results showed that Granola L. variety derived from twelve sources had high level of genetic purity which indicated by genetic similarity value of 0.96 observed in present study. Based on population structure analysis, Granola L. variety might have consisted of two sub-populations of which one sub-population was more dominant than other sub-population. Therefore, genetic purification activities for Granola L. variety are still needed to increase genetic purity and to reduce phenotypic differences in future.
Tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascolonicum L) termasuk dalam genus Allium sp yang diperbanyak secaravegetatif melalui umbi. Perbanyakan benih bawang sudah dilakukan secara in vitro (konvensional), untuk tujuanpeningkatan mutu atau hanya perbanyakan tanaman . Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur JaringanBalai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, pada bulan Februari sampai Agustus 2014. Untuk menghasilkan tanamanbebas penyakit terutama virus dapat digunakan teknik kultur jaringan yang dikombinasikan dengan perlakuanpemanasan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemanasan dan sumber eksplan terhadap pertumbuhandan perkembangan eksplan bawang merah.. Perlakuan pemanasan bahan eksplan bawang merah dilakukan secarabertahap selama 4 minggu, masing-masing 1 minggu untuk suhu (30, 33, 35 dan 37 oC). Media yang dipergunakanuntuk penumbuhan eksplan adalah MS + MS vits + sucrose 30 g/l + IAA 2 mg/l + Kinetin 2 mg/l + GA3 0.01mg/l agar gelgro 2 g/l pH 5.7. Penelitian terdiri dari 2 kegiatan yaitu Perlakuan pada cv. Pikatan, dan pada cv.Bima Brebes. Sebagai eksplan dipergunakan yaitu (1/3 bulb/ umbi) dan (shoot tip/ jaringan meristematik denganbeberapa daun primordia). Perlakuan eksplan yang digunakan yaitu tanpa pemanasan dan dengan pemanasan.Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dari planlet diamati pada penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkanbahwa perlakuan pemanasan bahan eksplan bawang merah cv. Bima Brebes, belum menurunkan persentase planletyang terinfeksi virus. Eksplan (1/3 bulb) dan (shoot tip), mempunyai pertumbuhan eksplan diatas 50%. Umumnyasemakin kecil eksplan persentase planlet abnormal semakin tinggi. Kontaminasi kultur umumnya disebabkanbakteri dan jamur yang terbawa dari eksplan (endogen). Perlakuan pemanasan bahan eksplan bawang merah secaravisual tidak berpengaruh pada persentase pertumbuhan dan persentase kultur terkontaminasi.Kata kunci: Bawang merah, Allium ascolonicum L, pemanasan, asal eksplanABSTRACTRed onion plants (Allium ascolonicum L) are included in the genus Allium sp which is propagatedvegetatively through tubers. Propagation of onion seeds has been done in vitro (conventionally), for the purposeof quality improvement or only plant propagation. The research was carried out at the Tissue Culture Laboratory,Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) from February to August 2014. To produce plants free of mainly viraldiseases can be used tissue culture techniques combined with heating treatment. Research aims were to look atthe effect of heating and explants on the growth and development of red onion explants. The treatment of the onionexplants was heated gradually for 4 weeks, 1 week each for temperatures (30, 33, 35 and 37 oC). The media usedfor the growth of explants is MS + MS vits + sucrose 30 g / l + IAA 2 mg / l + Kinetin 2 mg / l + GA3 0.01 mg / lso that gelgro 2 g / l pH 5.7. The study consisted of 2 activities, namely, treatment at cv. Pikatan, and at cv. BimaBrebes. As explants it is used (1/3 bulb / tuber) and (shoot tip / meristematic tissue with several leaves ofprimordia). The explants treatment used are without heating and by heating. Growth and development of plantletswas observed in this study. The results showed that the heating treatment of explants onions cv. Bima Brebes, hasnot reduced the percentage of plantlets infected with the virus. Explants (1/3 bulb) and (Shoot tip), have explantsgrowth above 50%. Generally the smaller explants the higher percentage of abnormal plantlets. Culturecontamination is generally caused by bacteria and fungi that are carried away from explants (endogenous). Thetreatment of heating the onion explants material visually had no effect on the percentage of growth and percentageof contaminated culture.Keywords: red onion, Allium ascolonicum L, heating treatment, source of explant
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