Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is included in the genus Solanaceae, which were propagated by vegetative through tubers. Viral systemic disease is an important seed-borne disease, with tissue culture technique combined with explant size, added antiviral Ribavirin, could be used for eliminated diseases in growth and development. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of antiviral Ribavirin concentrations, explant size and varieties on growth and development of meristematic. The treatment was concentration antiviral Ribavirin (0, 15, 20 mg/l), in MS media, explants size (meristems, shoot tips), varieties (Granola, Medians, Atlantic). The research was conducted from March to September 2019 in the IVEGRI tissue culture laboratory. The results were concluded as follow 1). the percentage of explant shoot tip contamination were higher than the meristem. 2) the average number of shoots, nodes and roots per plantlet from the treatment of varieties, explant size and the added of antiviral Ribavirin has an effect, where the average number of shoot tips were higher than the meristem. 3) The percentage of plantlets abnormal up to 12 WAP was 20 to 50%. 4) The results of the serology DAS ELISA test for both varieties, the added of antiviral Ribavirin and explant meristem has been decreased the number of PLRV infected.
ABSTRAK. Penelitian untuk mengevaluasi klon kentang unggul baru asal the International Potato Center (CIP) dalam rangka mendapatkan klon kentang dengan hasil umbi yang tinggi baik untuk kentang konsumsi (table potato) maupun untuk kentang olahan (processing potato) yang dapat diterima petani secara berkelanjutan telah dilaksanakan di dataran tinggi Malino, yaitu di Desa Bulubalea (1.500 m dpl.), Kelurahan Pattapang, Kecamatan Tinggimoncong, Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan sejak bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2012. Dua puluh klon kentang unggul asal CIP sebagai perlakuan dan dua varietas kentang yaitu Granola dan Atlantic sebagai kontrol dievaluasi dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dan setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Pada penelitian ini, petani kentang dilibatkan untuk mengevaluasi klon kentang baik pada saat pertumbuhan maupun pada saat panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga klon kentang yaitu klon kentang 393708.31, 388615.22, dan 397079.6 menunjukkan hasil umbi per ha tertinggi yang berbeda nyata dengan beberapa klon kentang lainnya dan cv. Granola yang merupakan varietas kentang yang umum ditanam petani kentang di Indonesia. Dalam hal hasil umbi per tanaman, klon kentang 393708.31 memberikan hasil umbi per tanaman yang tertinggi yaitu sebesar 866 g per tanaman, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan klon kentang 388615.22, 397006.18, dan 397079.6, namun berbeda nyata dengan klon kentang lainnya yang ditanam pada penelitian ini. Delapan klon kentang yaitu 388615.22, 393708.31, 397006.18, 397065.28, 397069.5, 397079.6, 399101.1, dan 392822.3, dipilih petani, baik pada saat periode pertumbuhan tanaman dan pada saat panen. Hasil penelitian dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pemilihan klon yang mempunyai keunggulan untuk mendapatkan varietas kentang yang mempunyai hasil umbi tinggi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi petani, sehingga dapat diterima petani secara berkelanjutan.
The response of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) to oriental fruit fly infestation (Bactrocera dorsalis) is highly variable among varieties. The differences in the resistance level of chili to oriental fruit fly infestation are presumed to be determined by the characteristics of chili fruit. This study aims to evaluate the morphochemical characteristics of different resistance levels of chili fruits to oriental fruit fly infestation in field conditions. The field test was carried out at the research station of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), West Java, Indonesia. Six essential derivatives of C. annuum from IVEGRI, consisting of three resistant and three susceptible varieties, were established in a prior investigation. The test population included 132 plants, with 22 plants planted for each variety. The resistance parameters observed were oviposition incidence, yield loss, fitness index, and chili fruit characteristics (morphology, nutrition, volatile compounds). The results showed that there were morphological and chemical differences between the varieties resistant and susceptible to oriental fruit fly infestation. The morphological characteristics of the fruit (width, weight, and thickness of fruit flesh) and fruit shape at pedicel attachment had an impact on the resistance level of fruit flies. Meanwhile, volatile compounds, water content, carbohydrates, and fiber content were among the chemical features that influenced oriental fruit fly infestation.
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