Ringkasan Eksekutif 1 Introduction 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Farmer selection 2.2 Questionnaire 2.2.1 General respondents characteristics 2.2.2 General farm characteristics and management 2.2.3 Farmers perception on the use of manure 2.3 Data analysis 3 Results and discussion 3.1 Respondents characteristics 3.2 Farm characteristics 3.3 Farmers perceptions on the use of manure 3.3.1 The use of chicken manure 3.3.2 The use of cattle manure 3.3.3 Evaluation of farmers perceptions on the use of manure 4 Conclusions 4.1 Respondents characteristics 4.2 Farm characteristics 4.3 Farmers perceptions on the use of manure Acknowledgements References Number of selected farms in the different villages Application rates [kg product/ha] of manure products in different crops Costs [10 6 IDR/ha] of manure products in different crops Survey results on 1: behavioural belief strength, outcome evaluation and attitude, 2: normative belief, motivation to comply and subjective norm and 3: control strength, control power and perceived behavioural control for the use of chicken manure Survey results on 1: behavioural belief strength, outcome evaluation and attitude, 2: normative belief, motivation to comply and subjective norm and 3: control strength, control power and perceived behavioural control for the use of cattle manure Survey results on the differences in 1: behavioural belief strength and outcome evaluation, 2: normative belief and motivation to comply 3: control strength and control power for the use of cattle manure between adopters and non-adopters 45 Survey results on the differences in 1: behavioural belief strength and outcome evaluation, 2: normative belief and motivation to comply 3: control strength and control power for the use of cattle manure between respondents with positive versus negative intention 47 Report WPR-966 | Key messages Survey results on fertiliser practices of small-scale vegetable farmers in Lembang, West Java, showed that: • The most frequently cultivated crops were broccoli, lettuce, tomato, Cayenne pepper, and cauliflower. • More than 90% of the farmers used chicken manure (mainly 'postal': chicken manure with rice husks), and 13% of the farmers used cattle manure. Other organic fertilisers frequently used by farmers were goat manure and granulates of organic fertilisers. • Fertilisers are applied at higher application rates and at higher costs in inter/multiple cropping systems than in mono cropping systems. • There are many different organic fertiliser products used by farmers at an average application rate of 13 and 18 tons/ha at an average cost of 5.2 and 7.0 million IDR/ha in mono and inter/multiple

<p>K. Pada satu dasawarsa terakhir produktivitas cabai merah mengalami penurunan akibat meningkatnya serangan organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT) yang dipicu oleh dampak perubahan iklim. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan melakukan budidaya cabai merah di dalam rumah kasa. Budidaya cabai merah di dalam rumah kasa di dataran rendah mampu meningkatkan hasil panen &gt; 9 kali dibandingkan dengan budidaya cabai merah di lahan terbuka, sedangkan di dataran tinggi mampu mengurangi penggunaan pestisida dengan hasil panen tetap tinggi. Namun demikian, kelayakan teknis dan ekonominya belum diketahui. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui kelayakan teknis dan ekonomi budidaya cabai merah di dalam rumah kasa di dataran tinggi dalam upaya menanggulangi serangan OPT. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang (± 1.250 m dpl.), Jawa Barat, sejak bulan Juni sampai November 2014. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode petak berpasangan dan diulang empat kali. Petak perlakuan berukuran 75 m2, varietas cabai yang ditanam adalah Ciko. Dua macam perlakuan yang diuji adalah (a) budidaya tanaman cabai di dalam rumah kasa dan (b) budidaya tanaman cabai merah di lahan terbuka. Penyemprotan insektisida dilakukan berdasarkan ambang pengendalian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan rumah kasa dapat mengurangi serangan hama sehingga biaya insektisida dapat dikurangi sebesar 73,19% dengan produksi lebih tinggi sebesar 106,45–109,00% dibandingkan dengan budidaya tanaman cabai merah di lahan terbuka, dengan tingkat pengembalian (R) mencapai 2,36. Dengan demikian, penggunaan rumah kasa dapat direkomendasikan sebagai teknologi budidaya cabai merah di dataran tinggi karena secara teknis dapat menekan serangan OPT dan mengurangi penggunaan insektisida dan secara ekonomi menguntungkan.</p>

An experiment to determine the response of potato to potassium (K) fertilizer sources and application methods in Andisols of West Java was conducted at a farmer's field in the highland area of Pangalengan (1400 m asl.), West Java from August to November 2004. The treatments consisted of two K fertilizer sources (potassium chloride-KCl and potassium sulphate-K 2 SO 4 ), two K rates (150 and 250 kg K 2 O ha -1 ), and three application methods (single, split, and split combined with foliar application), were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the single application treatment, K was applied at planting, while in the split application treatment the K was applied half rate at planting and the rest at 6 weeks after planting (WAP). In the split combined with foliar application treatment, the K fertilizer was applied half rate at planting, a quarter rate at 6 WAP and another quarter rate by foliar spraying at 7, 8 and 9 WAP. The results showed that plant height was not significantly affected by the treatment (P >0.05). However, the sources and application methods of K fertilizer affected canopy cover, crop cover weeks (CCW), tuber dry weight (DW), and total plant DW at 10 WAP. Potatoes supplied with K 2 SO 4 either in split or split combined with foliar application had significantly higher percent canopy cover, CCW, tuber DW, and total plant DW than those supplied with K fertilizer in single application. Potatoes supplied with K 2 SO 4 had a higher tuber yield compared to those fertilized with KCl, especially under split or split combined with foliar application. To attain the same level of tuber yield as in the split combined with foliar application method, the rate of K 2 SO 4 should be increased from 150 to 250 kg K 2 O ha -1 when using single application. It is therefore suggested that K 2 SO 4 for potatoes should be used in split application combined with foliar application.

At the start of a research project on the improvement of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivation in plastic houses in Indonesia, an inventory of the present cultivation methods and constraints was made, together with an analysis of production costs and benefits. The inventory was carried out in the highlands around Bandung, the capital of West Java Province, Indonesia. A purposive method was used to select three large and fourteen small sweet pepper growers, for an interview about their present cultivation methods and conditions. Data on the costs and benefits of sweet pepper production were obtained from eight growers. The total number of plants cultivated per grower mostly was between 5,000 and 10,000 plants. 'Spartacus' and 'Edison' were the sweet pepper varieties most frequently cultivated. Commonly a plant density of three or four plants per m 2 was used. Yield per plant ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 kg per plant. Thrips was considered the most important pest to control. Pest and disease control, the quality of the material and the construction of the plastic houses and the availability of capital and labour were ranked as major constraints in the production of sweet pepper. Revenue costs ratios observed were 2.12 and 2.03 for a drip irrigated crop and a manually irrigated crop respectively. The results of the inventory and the financial analysis were discussed with growers, suppliers and research staff in a participatory workshop. Implications for research priorities were formulated. INTRODUCTIONIn Indonesia, most of the vegetable crops are grown in the open field. The tropical climate condition allows the production of vegetables throughout the year. The production of vegetables in the open field, however, faces many problems. Protected cultivation is a technique of vegetable growing that may alleviate many of the problems related to growing vegetables in the open field. Advantages of using protected cultivation for vegetable production include higher yields, better product quality, extended harvest time, and reduction of fertilizers and pesticides use (Agnet, 1999; Baron's Brae, 1991; Baudoin and Von Zabeltitz, 2002).Sweet pepper is one of the important vegetables produced under protected cultivation in Indonesia. The farmers in Indonesia use simple plastic houses for protected cultivation. Information on this type of production, however, is limited. A common understanding about the potential and constraints of the existing sweet pepper production in plastic houses is important in order to further develop technologies for sweet pepper production in plastic houses that are suitable with the farmer's needs and conditions in Indonesia.

Three seasons of on-farm experimentation to develop potato production from botanical or true potato seed (TPS) under cool fertile conditions in West Java, Indonesia, are described. Twentythree farmers experimented with two production systems: use of transplants, and use of seedling tubers produced in nursery beds. There was little yield difference between the systems, but an apparent progeny X system X season interaction was observed. All progenies were more resistant to late blight than the present cultivars grown from tubers. Appropriate matching of progeny and system gave seed of comparable quality with, but total yields slightly less than, certified imported seed of cv. Granola. Ware quality was slightly better than that of cv. Granola. Production costs were markedly less than for a tuber crop, making TPS ideal for small, resource-poor farmers.Production de papa a parlir de semilla verdadera RESUMEN Se describen las tres temporadas de experimentation en granja agn'cola para desarrollar la produccion de papa a partir de semilla de papa verdadera (SPV) o botanica, bajo condiciones fertiles con fn'o moderado en Java del Oeste, Indonesia. Veintitres agricultores experimentaron utilizando dos sistemas de produccion: el uso de trasplante, y uso de plantas jovenes de tuberculo producidas en lechos de cultivo en viveros. Fue escasa la diferencia de rendimiento entre los dos sistemas, pero se observo una aparente interaction de progenie X sistema X temporada. Todas las progenies resultaron mas resistentes a plagas tardfas que las variedades actuales cultivadas a partir de tuberculos. La apropiada correspondencia de progenie y sistema produjo semillas de calidad comparable con la de la semilla certificada importada de la variedad Granola, pero con un rendimiento total ligeramente inferior. La calidad de almacenaje fue ligeramente superior que la de la variedad Granola. Los costos de produccion fueron marcadamente inferiores que para la produccion a partir de tuberculos, con lo cual la SPV se torna ideal para agricultores en pequeiia escala con escasez de recursos.