Women with preeclampsia, independent of obesity and glucose intolerance, exhibit insulin resistance during pregnancy. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether early diagnosis of insulin resistance during pregnancy can predict preeclampsia. Through a case-control study, 675 pregnant women were selected and their first trimester blood was taken. Their fasting blood glucose and insulin were also measured after diagnosis of preeclampsia by 20 weeks of pregnancy. Based on the experiments conducted on 675 women who were 20 weeks past their pregnancy, 375 cases with preeclampsia were selected and assigned to the case group. 35 other pregnant women were put in the control group. Diagnosis criteria for the participants included blood pressure above 140/90 and proteinuria above 300 mg or above +1. Both groups were matched according to age, parity, gestational age, and BMI. Homa-Irand rate of insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR and patients were followed up. Homeostatic model assessments (HOMA-IR) revealed that the average insulin resistance increased during pregnancy among both the case and control groups. There was a significant difference between insulin resistance of these two groups in both first trimester and third trimester and after developing preeclampsia (P < 0.001, P = 0.021). Insulin-resistance of the group with preeclampsia was higher in first trimester prior to diagnosis as well as the third trimester after diagnosis compared to natural pregnancy under similar conditions. Measurement of insulin resistance in first trimester may be useful in predicting the risk of preeclampsia.
Background:Periodontal disease in diabetic patients can compromise a patient's ability to maintain a proper metabolic control and may be associated with diabetic complication.Aims:This study was designed to evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and how this was related with the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Materials and Methods:A comparison was made of periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), periodontal disease severity measured in quartiles of probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL)) in a group of diabetic patients with retinopathy (n = 84) versus a group of diabetic patients without retinopathy (n = 129). In addition, 73 age- and sex-matched individuals were selected to serve as the control group. Analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between periodontal disease and DR.Results:In terms of PI, no statistically significant differences were observed, so, oral hygiene was similar in both groups. Diabetic patients with retinopathy had greater CPITN (P < 0.001) and more severe periodontal disease (P < 0.001) than no retinopathy. Also, our results indicated a relationship between type 2 DM and periodontal disease.Conclusions:The patients with diabetes retinopathy appear to show increased periodontal disease susceptibility.
Background:We investigated the contributing causes and factors leading to eye enucleation procedure among the patients referred to the ophthalmology clinic of the Center Eye Hospital in Tehran, Iran.Patients and Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of patients referred to the ophthalmology clinic of the Center Eye Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in the past 3 years. The data retrieved were analyzed.Results:A total of 313 patients underwent eye enucleation during the past 3 years. The average age of the patients was 36.7 years (range: 20–44 years). Two hundred and eight patients (66.5%) were males and 105 (33.5%) were females. One hundred and sixty-nine patients had the right eye enucleation while 144 patients had the left eye enucleation. The various procedures included enucleation (83%), evisceration (13.4%), and exantration (3.6%). The factors leading to these procedures included trauma (33.2%), phthisis bulbi (20.7%), tumors (15.7%), and infections (10.5%).Conclusion:In our study population, trauma was the main factor leading to eye enucleation. Hence, measures to increase social awareness and knowledge to reduce trauma cases are necessary as a preventive approach to reduce eye enucleation procedures. Concurrently, ophthalmologists should also pay more attention in early diagnoses and screening of eye health, especially detecting tumor cases such as retinoblastoma and postsurgical care to reduce secondary infections will be effective actions to reduce the overall rate of enucleation.
Aim:We aimed to determine the epidemiology and symptoms of red eyes in patients from Northern Iran.Materials and Methods:A descriptive study was planned involving 840 patients referred to the eye clinic of Bu-Ali Sina hospital in Sari, Iran, with the chief complaint of eye redness.Results:Of 840 patients, 525 were men (62.5%) and 315 were women (37.5%). Most of the patients were over 39 years of age. 55.7 percentage of them lived in cities and 44% were from villages. The most common eye symptoms with eye redness were: Eye abrasion (57%), tears in eyes (49%) and swollen eye lid (30%). Red eyes without any symptoms in eyes were diagnosed as runny nose (4.2%) and headaches (3.4%). 11.9% and 19.6% of the patients had a previous history of red eye and had visited doctors for red eyes respectively.Conclusions:Red eyes are more common in men than women. Introducing dangerous causes of red eyes in the future can help to health care professional to on time diagnosis of red eyes related problems.
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