Background:Cabergoline is a long-acting agonist of dopamine, which has a high affinity to dopamine receptors (type 2). Treatment using a dopaminergic agonist reduces hypothalamic stimulation that increases during liver gluconeogenesis, lipids synthesis, and insulin resistance. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of cabergoline on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods:This study was a double-blind, controlled clinical trial in patients with type 2 DM. The patients received treatments of a placebo (control group; n = 20) or cabergoline 0.5 mg (cabergoline group; n = 20) using the sequential method, once per week for 3 months, while using previously prescribed glucose-lowering drugs. All tests, such as levels of fasting blood glucose, 2-hour post-prandial glucose, complete lipid profile, prolactin, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance were measured at baseline and at 3-month follow-up.Results:The fasting blood sugar levels were significantly different between placebo and cabergoline groups after 3 months of treatment (P = 0.004). The prolactin levels were significantly different from beginning of the treatment to 6 months later (P = 0.001). In the cabergoline group, there was a significant decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels after 3 months (P = 0.003). Overall, 65%and 45% patients in the cabergoline and control groups, respectively, responded to treatment (HbA1C<7%).Conclusion:Cabergoline may be useful as a long-acting antidiabetic agent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Background:Periodontal disease in diabetic patients can compromise a patient's ability to maintain a proper metabolic control and may be associated with diabetic complication.Aims:This study was designed to evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and how this was related with the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Materials and Methods:A comparison was made of periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), periodontal disease severity measured in quartiles of probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL)) in a group of diabetic patients with retinopathy (n = 84) versus a group of diabetic patients without retinopathy (n = 129). In addition, 73 age- and sex-matched individuals were selected to serve as the control group. Analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between periodontal disease and DR.Results:In terms of PI, no statistically significant differences were observed, so, oral hygiene was similar in both groups. Diabetic patients with retinopathy had greater CPITN (P < 0.001) and more severe periodontal disease (P < 0.001) than no retinopathy. Also, our results indicated a relationship between type 2 DM and periodontal disease.Conclusions:The patients with diabetes retinopathy appear to show increased periodontal disease susceptibility.
The triple combination of parameters obtained as part of the hemogram, NLR-RDW-MPV, indicated a much more predictive power than two parameters coupled. This combination of three parameters, NLR-RDW-MPV, is to be considered as a sensitive, high-quality, low-cost outcome prediction marker for cardiac surgery patients that is less time consuming and easy to use.
A major predicament in certain users of metformin, which is one of the most commonly used antihyperglycemic agents for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treatment, is the lack of appropriate response to the drug. We evaluated the role of metformin response and OCT1 (organic cation transporter1) Met420del polymorphism in a monotherapy study (metformin therapy for 12 weeks) on patients newly diagnosed with T2DM. Based on the response to metformin, patients (n = 108) were divided into two groups: responders (n = 49) and non-responders (n = 59). HbA1c levels were determined by affinity technique. The OCT1-Met420del polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism. There was a significant association between the variable response with HbA1c and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (Wilks' λ = 0.905, p = 0.01). Responders had significantly lower HbA1c and FBS levels compared with non-responders (η (2) = 0.087, p = 0.004 for HbA1c and η (2) = 0.055, p = 0.022 for FBS). The interaction treatment-response increased the effect sizes from 32 to 58 % for HbA1c. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values were significantly lower in the responder group than in the non-responders (η (2) = 0.067, p = 0.01 for ALT and η (2) = 0.052, p = 0.025 for AST). This observational study showed that the variant OCT1-Met420del may be more effective on plasma glucose than HbA1c. The variable response could account for a significant proportion of the variance in HbA1c levels observed following treatment with metformin. Metformin shows a significantly greater effect on ALT and AST in responders than in non-responders.
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