Background:Periodontal disease in diabetic patients can compromise a patient's ability to maintain a proper metabolic control and may be associated with diabetic complication.Aims:This study was designed to evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and how this was related with the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Materials and Methods:A comparison was made of periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), periodontal disease severity measured in quartiles of probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL)) in a group of diabetic patients with retinopathy (n = 84) versus a group of diabetic patients without retinopathy (n = 129). In addition, 73 age- and sex-matched individuals were selected to serve as the control group. Analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between periodontal disease and DR.Results:In terms of PI, no statistically significant differences were observed, so, oral hygiene was similar in both groups. Diabetic patients with retinopathy had greater CPITN (P < 0.001) and more severe periodontal disease (P < 0.001) than no retinopathy. Also, our results indicated a relationship between type 2 DM and periodontal disease.Conclusions:The patients with diabetes retinopathy appear to show increased periodontal disease susceptibility.
Background: There are some discrepancy in association between activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status of outpatients with RA. Methods: The study was conducted in 2013-14 in a rheumatology clinic in Sari, north of Iran on 74 patients with RA. Evaluation of RA disease activity was according to disease activity score 28 (DAS28). Periodontitis was evaluated by probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL index), plaque index (PI), and panoramic X-ray. Statistical analysis included independent ttest and Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative, and chi square and OR for qualitative variables and evaluation of RA activity and periodontitis severity. Results: The mean±SD of age and disease duration were 47.01±8.1 and 8.93±8.6 years, respectively and the mean±SD number of teeth was 20.70±6.8. Twenty-seven (36.5%) patients had moderate to severe disease. Forty-seven cases (63.5%) were found with periodontitis and 14 (12.2%) were identified to have moderate to severe periodontitis, unrelated to disease activity (p=0.22). For active/inactive periodontitis OR =1.33 (95% CI: 0.46 - 3.87) was computed. There was no association between RA disease activity and number of teeth, CAL, PI, PD, and GI, (p>0.05). Conclusion: About 60% of RA patients suffered from periodontitis, but there was not any significant relation between RA disease activity and severity of periodontitis. Periodontitis may interfere with management and follow up of RA, so periodic periodontal examination is suggested in these patients.
ObjectiveTreatment of furcation defects are thought to be challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic parameters of Bio-Gen with Biocollagen compared with Bio-Gen with connective tissue in the treatment of Class II furcation defects.Material and MethodsIn this clinical trial, 24 patients with Class II furcation defect on a buccal or lingual mandibular molar were recruited. After oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing and achievement of acceptable plaque control, the patients were randomly chosen to receive either connective tissue and Bio-Gen (case group) or Biocollagen and Bio-Gen (control group). The following parameters were recorded before the first and re-entry surgery (six months later): vertical clinical attachment level (VCAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), horizontal probing depth (HPD), vertical probing depth (VPD), gingival recession (GR), furcation vertical component (FVC), furcation to alveolar crest (FAC), fornix to base of defect (FBD), and furcation horizontal component (FHC) were calculated at the time of first surgery and during re-entry. A digital periapical radiograph was taken in parallel before first surgery and re-entry. The radiographs were then analyzed by digital subtraction. The differences with p value <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsOnly the mean changes of FAC, FHC, mean of FHC, FBD in re-entry revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups. HPD, VPD, FBD, FAC, and FHC showed statistically significant differences after 6 months in the case group. However, in the control group, statistically significant differences were found in GR and HPD. We did not observe any significant difference in radiographic changes among the two groups. ConclusionThe results of this trial indicate that better clinical outcomes can be obtained with connective tissue grafts in combination with bone material compared with a resorbable barrier with bone material. The differences in radiographic changes between the two groups, however, were not statistically significant.
Impaired glucose tolerance is an intermediate condition between diabetes and normal blood glucose, in which blood glucose level has risen and is between 100–126mg/dL. Present evidence suggests that there is a relationship between poor control of diabetes and uncontrolled diabetes with periodontal disease. People with impaired glucose tolerance may have a more unfavourable periodontal condition than the general population with a mechanism similar to those with diabetes. Accordingly, the present study aims to assess the relationship between impaired glucose tolerance and periodontal disease using systematic review criteria.This study is a systematic review. The databases included PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar search engine. Two individuals independently selected studies based on the inclusion criteria. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist was used for quality assessment. Search management was conducted using EndNote software.After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven articles were included in the study. Regarding the pocket depth (PD) index, five studies stated that there is a relationship between impaired glucose tolerance status and the severity of the periodontal disease, and lower periodontal health was observed in groups with higher levels of blood glucose (p<0.05). With regard to the bleeding on probing (BOP) index, it should be stated that most studies have reported that there is a relationship with impaired glucose tolerance indices (p<0.05).This systematic review study suggested that there is a relationship between periodontal indicators and impaired glucose tolerance. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons.
Lymphangiomas are classified as vascular malformations. A 17-year-old male patient was referred with asymptomatic gingival enlargement with a vesicular feature on the buccal aspect of the central and lateral teeth of the right mandible; the lesion showed easy bleeding. After local anesthesia, subgingival, and sulcular incisions was performed on the buccal and lingual gingiva of the right central and lateral incisors of the mandible. Microscopic evaluation showed lymphangioma. A 3-year follow-up showed promising results.
BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease of women of reproductive age that impacts their oral and systemic well-being. This study aimed to compare the gingival inflammation indices and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) of non-obese women with PCOS. Materials and methodsThis is a case-control study in which 78 women were referred to the Babol Clinic Hospital in Northern Iran between 2018 and 2019. They were divided into three groups: 26 women with PCOS and gingivitis, 26 women with PCOS with no gingivitis, and 26 women with no PCOS and no gingivitis as a control group. After recording the anthropometric and demographic variables, fasting saliva samples were taken from all participants before any periodontal intervention. These samples were transferred to Babol Molecular Cell Research Center under highly guaranteed cold-chain conditions to measure the serum levels of MMP-9. Periodontal status was evaluated for Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean results for these indices. The significance level was considered when p ≤ 0.05. ResultsAll the gingival indices were significantly higher for women with PCOS with gingivitis compared to the results for women from the other two groups. Similarly, women with PCOS showed high salivary MMP-9 levels but were within the normal reference ranges. ConclusionThe gingival indices (GI, PI, and BOP) and salivary MMP-9 are higher in women with PCOS, regardless of the gingival status.
Background & Aims:The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of impacted third molar as well as impaction angulation and depth. Materials & Methods:In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 261 panoramic radiographs belonging to patients visiting dental clinics and offices in Ghaemshahr, Iran, were evaluated and the presence of impacted wisdom teeth was examined. Moreover, the angulation of impacted teeth, impaction depth, and the relationship of the tooth to the mandibular ramus were recorded. The data were recorded, collected, and statistically analyzed in SPSS 22 using the non-parametric chi-square test. p <0.05 was considered significant. Results:Of the 261 patients entering the study, 52 (17.69%) had at least one impacted tooth. Of the total number of patients with impacted teeth, 31 were women (mean prevalence of 19.87% of the total population of women) and 21 were men (15.22% of the total population of men), showing no significant difference (p=0.29). In terms of impaction depth based on Pell and Gregory' classification, Class C impaction depth was the most prevalent in the maxilla, while Class A was the most prevalent in the mandible. The most prevalent impaction in terms of angulation in relation to the second molar was vertical in the maxilla and vertical and mesioangular in the mandible. Conclusion:Based on results, the prevalence of impacted wisdom teeth in patients was 17.69%. This may not be a striking amount, but it is still of significance since the possible complications of impacted teeth are costly and problematic.
Background: There is emerging evidence to support the link between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and periodontal disease, but the mechanisms associated with these two diseases have not been clearly elucidated but relate to different aspects of inflammation. This study aimed to determine the gingival inflammation indexes and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome compared to control group.Methods: This is a case-control study in which 87 women referred to the Babol Clinic Private Hospital were divided into three groups: 26 women with PCOS diagnosed on the basis of Rotterdam criteria with gingivitis, 26 women with PCOS without gingivitis and 26 healthy women who were matched for age and body mass index. After recording the underlying variables, fasting saliva samples were taken from all participants in the morning before any periodontal intervention. The samples, which were transferred to Babol Molecular Cell Research Center under cold-chain conditions to measure the serum levels of MMP-9 using ELISA kits. Periodontal status was evaluated for Gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI). Analysis of variance was used to compare the results for the normal quantitative variables and Chi-square test was used to compare the qualitative variables. Significance level was considered less than 0.05.Results: The highest mean periodontal disease indexes (GI, BOP, PI) were observed in women with PCOS with gingivitis and then in women with PCOS without gingivitis and then in healthy women in control group (p <0.05). The mean salivary MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in PCOS women (388/37 ± 75.05) compared to the control group (166/25 ± 35/43). Even in PCOS patients with healthy gingiva (233.00± 47.76) had higher levels of salivary MMP-9 than the control group and this difference was significant (p <0.05)Conclusions: There is a positive association between periodontal disease and PCOS and that salivary MMP-9 levels are higher in PCOS women with and without gingivitis than healthy women. However, it is recommended that multicenter study with larger sample sizes are to be conducted to establish a clearer association.
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