This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of injection technologies currently in use. It presents evidence to demonstrate that the risk of injury produced by micro-injections (wounds 3/1 6" or less in diameter to a depth of %" or less into the xylem) is much reduced when compared to the macro-injections (wounds 3/8" or greater in diameter to a depth of 1 " or more into the sylem). Emphasis is placed on the need for in the field training to develop correct injection technique. Evidence is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of current injection technology, pointing out modifications and improvements of the current injection technology.
Lophodermium pinastri and Aureobasidium pullulans were the fungi most often associated with foliar symptoms, including those caused by ozone, on Pinus strobus in the field. Following artificial inoculation of ozone‐fumigated and untreated foliage on pine seedlings, L. pinastri was Isolated without relation to visible symptoms of ozone injury. A, pullulans was isolated only from tissues killed by ozone. No evidence of additive or interacting effects of ozone and the fungi was found.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.