Acute Foliar Injury of Eastern White Pine Induced by Sulfur Dioxide and Ozone

Costonis, A. C.

doi:10.1094/phyto-60-994

Cited by 33 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[48], and in older reports, i.e. Costonis [49], the disease has been attributed to this fungus. Two biotypes of L. pinasri, differing in their pathogenicity and morphology, were recognised on Scots pine both in the plantation and in the nursery in Scotland [50].…”

Section: Biology Of the Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Incubation Methods for Forecasting the Occurrence and Development of Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley & Millar on Pine

Rajkovic¹,

Marković²,

Rakonjac³

2013

Fungicides - Showcases of Integrated Plant Disease Management From Around the World

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Section: Biology Of the Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Incubation Methods for Forecasting the Occurrence and Development of Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley & Millar on Pine

Rajkovic¹,

Marković²,

Rakonjac³

2013

Fungicides - Showcases of Integrated Plant Disease Management From Around the World

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“…About the same time, researchers in the eastern United States identified visible symptoms of O 3 damage on sensitive genotypes of eastern white pine (Dochinger et al . 1970; Costonis 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling ozone responses of forest trees to the ecosystem level in a changing climate

Karnosky

Pregitzer

Zak

et al. 2005

Plant Cell & Environment

240

170

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Many uncertainties remain regarding how climate change will alter the structure and function of forest ecosystems. At the Aspen FACE experiment in northern Wisconsin, we are attempting to understand how an aspen/birch/maple forest ecosystem responds to long-term exposure to elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ), alone and in combination, from establishment onward. We examine how O 3 affects the flow of carbon through the ecosystem from the leaf level through to the roots and into the soil microorganisms in present and future atmospheric CO 2 conditions. We provide evidence of adverse effects of O 3 , with or without co-occurring elevated CO 2 , that cascade through the entire ecosystem impacting complex trophic interactions and food webs on all three species in the study: trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx . ), paper birch ( Betula papyrifera Marsh), and sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh). Interestingly, the negative effect of O 3 on the growth of sugar maple did not become evident until 3 years into the study. The negative effect of O 3 effect was most noticeable on paper birch trees growing under elevated CO 2 . Our results demonstrate the importance of long-term studies to detect subtle effects of atmospheric change and of the need for studies of interacting stresses whose responses could not be predicted by studies of single factors. In biologically complex forest ecosystems, effects at one scale can be very different from those at another scale. For scaling purposes, then, linking process with canopy level models is essential if O 3 impacts are to be accurately predicted. Finally, we describe how outputs from our longterm multispecies Aspen FACE experiment are being used to develop simple, coupled models to estimate productivity gain/loss from changing O 3 .

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“…Katz, Leddingbam & McCallum (1939) described tissue sbrinkage in ponderosa pine needles taken from the vicinity of tbe Trail Smelter in British Columbia. Costonis (1970) and Evans & Miller (1975) demonstrated tbat SO2 produced a distinct banding injury on eastern wbite and ponderosa pines, respectively. Evans & Miller (1975) furtber showed tbat cellular injuries from SOj and O3 to needles of several western pines could be distinguished bistologically.…”

Section: Table 4 Effect Of Ozone On Mesophyll Cells Of Primary Needlmentioning

confidence: 97%

Histological determination of ozone injury symptoms of primary needles of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum Bucch.)

Evans

Leonard

1991

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYGiant sequoia {Sequoiadendron giganteum Bucch.) is a unique resource that exists only in groves on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada in California. Since Sequoia and King's Canyon (SEKI) National Parks are experiencing ozone concentrations phytotoxic to some species of Pinus, we performed several experiments on 5. giganteum seedlings to determine the ozone sensitivity of their primary needles and their suitability as sensitive bioindicators during the seedlings stage of growth. Current-year seedlings were fumigated in open-top chambers during 1986 and 1987. Treatments included (1) carbon-filtered air (no ozone); (2) ambient ozone; (3) 1-5 times the ambient amount of ozone; and (4) a no-chamber treatment. In 1986, ozone doses ranged from 100 to 221 ppm h ' while those in 1987 ranged from 125 to 216ppmh '. In neither year did the percentages of plasmolysed cells correlate with ozone dose. In 1986, however, the percentages of amorphously stained and dead cells taken together showed a significant {P = 0-028; r^ = 0-721) linear response to dose (.v = 29-9 + 0-260^-). In the 1987 fumigation, there was no significant relationship between ozone dose and the percentage of either amorphously stained or dead cells. The narrow range of ozone doses (from 125 to 216 ppm h"') and the short duration of exposure (48 d) may have resulted in high percentages of amorphously stained cells (between 61 and 81 %). In both experimental fumigations, higher ozone doses killed more cells in the needles. When data of the percentages of dead cells from both experiments were pooled, there was a statistically significant [P = 0-0036) correlation coefficient of 0-744 with a line slope of v = 2-472 +0-05l.X". There was no evidence of a curvilinear response. The overall anatomy of primary needles from SEKI was similar to that of those sampled from the fumigation experiment; SEKI samples exhibited a high degree of amorphous cell staining (between 67 and 81 %). Cell death averaged 5-1 % from all the park samples, a percentage within to the range of cell death (0-9-6-2 %) in the ambient air chambers.

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Acute Foliar Injury of Eastern White Pine Induced by Sulfur Dioxide and Ozone

Cited by 33 publications

References 5 publications

Incubation Methods for Forecasting the Occurrence and Development of Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley & Millar on Pine

Incubation Methods for Forecasting the Occurrence and Development of Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley & Millar on Pine

Scaling ozone responses of forest trees to the ecosystem level in a changing climate

Histological determination of ozone injury symptoms of primary needles of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum Bucch.)

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