Tree Injection: Perspective Macro-Injection/Micro-Injection

Costonis, A. C.

doi:10.48044/jauf.1981.066

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…O diâmetro dos orifícios para injeção em dicotiledôneas varia entre 2 e 9,5 mm (Berger & Laurent 2019). Conforme Costonis (1981), orifício com diâmetro de 4,7 mm (3/16") e pouco profundo (por exemplo, 2,5 mm) não compromete a saúde da árvore. Já orifício de 9,5 mm (3/8") e, muito profundo, pode comprometer.…”

Section: Procedimentos Para Injeçãounclassified

Endoterapia como técnica alternativa às pulverizações

Moura,

Pereira,

Ferreira

et al. 2023

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Endotherapy is a technique of injection or infusion of phytosanitary products inside the trunk of trees or palm trees, which are subsequently translocated through the plant internal vascular tissues. There are few studies about this science in the Brazilian academic world. Thus, this study aims to review this topic with emphasis on reporting successful experiences in different countries. A significant number of papers shows the advantages of using phytosanitary products infusions and injections in plants to control pests and diseases, when compared to traditional spraying. In endotherapy there is no product drift and, therefore, it is minimal the chance of reaching non-target organisms. Furthermore, the protective effect is more persistent due to the non-exposure of the products to the climate adverse effects. It is currently applied only in small areas in medium and large perennial plants due to its high cost, requiring new technologies for large-scale application. In Brazil, there are few studies about the efficiency of this tactic in phytosanitary management. Furthermore, there are studies to determine residues of fungicides and insecticides in plants through chromatographic techniques. Thus, endotherapy can be an efficient technique for phytosanitary defense.

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Section: Procedimentos Para Injeçãounclassified

Endoterapia como técnica alternativa às pulverizações

Moura,

Pereira,

Ferreira

et al. 2023

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“…The concept of endotherapy is not new: Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) was one of the first to describe details of the systemic action of an arsenic solution by injecting it into the trunks of apple trees to contaminate their fruit [6,7,13,24,25]. Endotherapy can be performed using historical methods, such as a simple hand drill, syringe, and modern commercial equipment that assists in introducing products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it requires individual treatment of every plant by perforation of the plant's trunk and the need to create a seal to prevent decomposition and infection by various pathogens. Information is also needed on endotherapy to avoid lesions in vascular tissue, especially in dicotyledons, that can lead to embolism, phytotoxicity, and even necrosis [13,24,25,31,32,[34][35][36]. As vegetative endotherapy is a treatment, residues and ecotoxicological analysis must be carried out as in conventional methods, validating the use of the product in the system and evaluating pre-harvest intervals for fruits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetative Endotherapy—Advances, Perspectives, and Challenges

Ferreira,

Esparraguera,

Queiroz

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Vegetative endotherapy has shown satisfactory results in replacing conventional techniques for crop production material applications, such as spraying or via soil, in trees of perennial species. This review presents an overview of concepts and classifications for existing injection methods and covers applications from articles published in the last eighteen years on endotherapeutic techniques. An Excel interactive dashboard as supplementary material with data segmentation and filters to facilitate understanding of the data is provided. The indicators more relevant to researchers and producers, including the tree species evaluated, which were deciduous trees (24%), conifers (11%), ornamental (11%), and fruit trees (54%), are outlined. The most used products were insecticides, fungicides, and antibiotics, which are discussed. Pressurized and nonpressurized technologies were evaluated based on trunk opening, interface, and injection methods. And finally, an approach to good practices in precision agriculture is also discussed.

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“…One non-spray method that has been studied for controlling WHF is the trunk injection of the insecticides abamectin (ABA) and emamectin benzoate (EMA). Although the history of trunk injection stretches back to the 12th century, the first experiments date back only to the beginning of the 20th century [23][24][25]. Climate change has contributed in large part to the increase in the use of injection solutions due to the prevalence of invasive species [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avermectin Trunk Injections: A Promising Approach for Managing the Walnut Husk Fly (Rhagoletis completa)

Kiss

Sörös

Gutermuth³

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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This study examined the larvicidal effect of trunk-injected abamectin and emamectin benzoate against the walnut husk fly (Rhagoletis completa Cresson, 1929). Walnut trees in two locations in two years were injected with the pesticides at different concentrations. For the toxicokinetic studies, the active ingredient content was measured in the leaves, flowers, husks, and kernels, using a UHPLC-MS/MS analytical method. The walnut husk fly infestation rates were between 3 and 70% and 10 and 34% for abamectin and emamectin benzoate, respectively, and were much lower compared to those measured for the control. The active ingredient content in the walnut husk showed a positive correlation with the larvicidal effect. The injections had a measurable but unsatisfactory insecticidal effect in the second year, when the economic threshold was exceeded. Trace amounts of the active ingredients were detected in the flowers. The residue analysis showed a declining concentration trend in the leaves over time. The largest quantities were detected in the leaves (≤439 ng/g of abamectin; ≤19,079 ng/g of emamectin benzoate), with concentrations in the husks of orders of magnitude lower (≤5.86 ng/g; ≤50.19 ng/g). The measurements showed no active ingredient residue above the MRLs in either fresh or dried kernels. The results indicate that trunk injections of abamectin, as well as trunk injections of emamectin benzoate, have the potential to suppress walnut husk fly populations.

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Tree Injection: Perspective Macro-Injection/Micro-Injection

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Endoterapia como técnica alternativa às pulverizações

Endoterapia como técnica alternativa às pulverizações

Vegetative Endotherapy—Advances, Perspectives, and Challenges

Avermectin Trunk Injections: A Promising Approach for Managing the Walnut Husk Fly (Rhagoletis completa)

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