Background and Aim: There is a lack of reliable data in agribusiness regarding the economic efficiency of horse breeding, and this limits its further development. The purpose of this study was to create rational parameters for the development of productive horse breeding as an effective agricultural business, in particular, in relation to farms.
Materials and Methods: The methods of investigation used were induction and deduction, as well as analytical, statistical, and economic-mathematical analysis. We also used the dynamics of time series, CVP analysis, direct costing, and microeconomic analysis. Data were taken from the Russian Federation's official statistics on animal husbandry as well as closed (commercial) data of agricultural enterprises from our study region.
Results: Horse ownership in the Republic of Bashkortostan is higher than in the rest of Russia with about 9% of the total number of horses in Russia. We found that landowners need one hectare of arable land to ensure profit and that the highest economic income occurs on farms specializing in kumis production. The production of kumis under intensive farming is less profitable than with free-range horses kept in pastures. Family farms need a large amount of arable land with natural foliage to balance space and profit.
Conclusion: Successful implementation of these parameters will make it possible to turn agriculture into successful horse breeding businesses. The expected volume of agricultural production may be approximately 9-11 thousand US dollars per employee.
In our country, with the transition to a market-oriented economy, the scientifically based farming systems with their rational crop rotations were violated, which intensified the process of soil fertility depletion. Accordingly, the cumulative damage from non-recoverable soil humus losses is rapidly growing and becomes quite comparable with the cost of crop production received from this land. The article substantiates the necessity of conducting an ecological and economic evaluation of the use of land in agriculture at the regional level. The proposed methodical approach to solving the problem of optimal allocation of crops and cattle-breeding industries is determined by the criterion of the most effective use of the basic means of agricultural production. The analysis of the use of arable land and the structure of cereal crops in all categories farms of the Republic of Bashkortostan was carried out. The results of the economic and environmental damage evaluation caused by the agricultural production of the region were presented. The results of the economic and environmental damage evaluation caused by the agricultural production of the region were presented. The calculation of ecological and economic efficiency of land use in agriculture of the Republic of Bashkortostan is presented in the paper.
With transition to market economy for the majority of agroformations there was a problem which level of development does not correspond to its theoretical and practical importance in relation to modern conditions, it is a problem of efficiency of expenses for production of agricultural production in borders of separate rural territories. In the conditions when the formation of prices for products occurs according to the laws of the global market, the economic efficiency of its production is determined primarily by the specific production costs. The latter are caused not only by soil and climatic potential of economic entities, but also to a large extent by their geographical location and economic conditions. In other words, the cost and profitability of agricultural products vary in individual rural areas, not only in accordance with the yield, but also depending on the factors of “location” of producers, which, in turn, under the influence of the same natural conditions.
The paper describes the current level of small farm business development in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The existing regulatory framework provides a wide range of measures to implement state support for the agricultural sector. The state aid mechanism and influence on the efficiency of agricultural production in microenterprises, budget efficiency, the need and prospects for directing budget funds for the development of small agricultural businesses are considered. The Bashkortostan Republic’s agricultural industry and perspective small farm business development in the region are assessed. The efficiency of allocating budget funds of the region’s consolidated budget is calculated.
Аннотация. Последнее десятилетие остается актуальной задача переработки попутного нефтяного газа (ПНГ) на отечественных нефтедобывающих предприятиях, в том числе в регионах с суровым арктическим климатом. ПНГ является неотъемлемым элементом в процессе добычи нефти. За последнее десятилетие Россия вышла на лидирующее место в мире по количеству сжигания ПНГ в нефтепромысловых факелах. Это происходит, в основном, из-за невыгодной экономической позиции, так как цена ПНГ, реализуемого для дальнейшей переработки в виде топлива или энергии, является низкой. По своему составу и свойствам ПНГ не уступает природному газу и имеет более широкую сферу применения. С лёгкой нефтью обычно добывают более жирные газы, с тяжёлой нефтью-в основном сухие газы. Ценность газа возрастает с увеличением содержания углеводородов в его 115
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