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The paper presents a study on the sectoral structure of gross added value in various countries including European countries. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of agriculture as an economic activity in the formation of gross added value of countries, to identify and determine areas of the economy development on the basis of comparison and experience of different countries. Structural differences based on the index analysis. A comparative analysis of the structure of gross value added for the presented set of countries is performed for the first time. Most European countries have a low level of differences in the sectoral structure of gross added value compared to the Russian Federation. Different growth rates of the main macroeconomic indicator are possible at a very low level of differences in the sectoral structure. This indicates the presence of more extensive, systemic factors, relationships, trends in macroeconomics. Methods and results can be used in socioeconomic research, developing strategies for the effective development of sectors of the national economy of countries based on the optimal structure. This research makes a significant contribution to enriching the practice of applying the methodology for studying structural differences by international calculations.

PurposeUsing the example of Russia, this paper studied and analyzed productivity of the labor force in agriculture as an important industry for ensuring the sustainable development of the country.Design/methodology/approachAt the first examination stage, the time series of data on labor productivity and real wages in agri-food companies were examined as modern works on the matter tend to highlight the relationship between productivity and remuneration insufficiently. At the second stage, labor productivity was assessed through the rate of change in the share of wages in the gross domestic product. At the last stage, an applied model of the relationship between labor productivity in agriculture and various impact factors was developed.FindingsIt showed that the efficiency of the labor force in the considered area depends greatly on technical equipment and crop yield. Besides, the study findings revealed that the traditional economic relationship between productivity and wages is invalid in the examined regions of Russia. There is a significant reserve for increasing labor productivity by providing additional motivation for employees.Originality/valueThe successful development of agricultural production can be achieved by implementing innovations, facilitating digitalization, attracting investments, increasing the level of interest of those employed in labor results and producing high-quality goods.

In this article, the current state of the level of production of a social product in the regions of the Russian Federation has been assessed based on the methods of descriptive statistics. The grouping method made it possible to classify the regions of the Russian Federation and characterize them according to the selected system of indicators, link various indicators into a logically structured analysis, and build a research scheme. An analytical grouping of regions was carried out according to the value of the gross regional product per capita, which characterizes the achieved level of economic growth and contains the potential for a region’s socio-economic development. The complete set for building the group included 76 regions of all federal districts of the Russian Federation. The established proportions, tendencies, patterns of socio-economic development in spatial, and dynamic aspects are revealed. The applied value of the research lies in the presentation of a practical methodology for describing the processes occurring in the regions, which can serve as the basis for the application of research methods for relationships, structural changes, and time series.

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