β-Selinene-Rich Essential Oils from the Parts of Callicarpa macrophylla and Their Antioxidant and Pharmacological Activities

Abstract

Background: Callicarpa macrophylla (Varbenaceae) is a medicinal shrub and is traditionally used in India, China, and South Asia. Methods: The plant material was collected from lower Himalayan region of Uttarakhand in India. The essential oils from three different aerial parts were analyzed by GC-MS. Antioxidant activity, phenolic assay, and various pharmacological activities were determined by using existing methods which are generally practiced widely. Results: Over 51, 53, and 40 compounds were identified in C. macrophylla leaves essential oil (CMLEO), C. macrophylla pre mature seeds and fruits essential oil (CMEO-I) and C.macrophylla mature seeds and fruits essential oil (CMEO-II), respectively. These oils differ in relative contents of major compounds viz; β-selinene (37.51% in CMLEO, 44.66% in CMEO-I and 57.01% in CMEO-II), phyllocladene (9.76% in CMLEO, 5.80% in CMEO-I and 12.38% in CMEO-II), caryophelline oxide (7.34% in CMLEO, 8.74% in CMEO-I and 5.0% in CMEO-II), 9E-epi-caryophelline (6.23% in CMLEO, 1.27% in CMEO-I and 3.43% in CMEO-II), longipinocarvone (4.96% in CMLEO, 1.17% in CMEO-I and 2.0% in CMEO-II), and 1,8-cineole (2.23% in CMLEO, 3.10% in CMEO-I and 1.62% in CMEO-II). The oils exhibited good in vitro antioxidant activity. The maximum activity was found in CMEO-II with IC50 values 7.37 ± 0.11, 11.49 ± 0.87, 14.59 ± 0.18, 15.66 ± 0.03, and 17.49 ± 0.13 µL/mL. The essential oils showed qualitative and quantitative diversity in the makeup of essential oils constituents. The oils were found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity on swiss albino mice compared to the standard drugs, viz; ibuprofen, paracetamol and indomethacin. Conclusion: It is inferred from the study that the plant parts can be used scientifically in traditional systems as folk herbal medicine. Furthermore, we have generated a database for future reference and judicious exploitation of these oils from their natural setting.

Inhalation of Patchouli (Pogostemon Cablin Benth.) Essential Oil Improved Metabolic Parameters in Obesity-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats

“…Moreover, E -caryophyllene is one of the major compounds in several essential oils, having positive effects by reducing inflammation, acute pain, and chronic pain as well as regulating insulin secretion [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. β -selinene is found in various essential oils, including PEO; an oil enriched with β -selinene shows anti-inflammatory and pain relief effects as well as lowering body temperature, in addition to being a powerful antioxidant [ 29 ]. Tsuji et al [ 30 ] reported that inhalation of limonene, a primary compound in grapefruit oil, elicits hypoglycemic effects.…”

The attenuation effect of low piperine Piper nigrum extract on doxorubicin-induced toxicity of blood chemical and immunological properties in mammary tumour rats

“… 2017 ; Chandra et al. 2017 ). This suggests that PFPE may help to reduce the cytotoxic effect and pro-inflammatory response of Dox through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities.…”

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process of Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr Essential Oil and Its Inhibitory Properties against Some Bacteria and Cancer Cell Lines

“…The genus of Callicarpa consists about 140 species that are distributed mostly in Oceania and east and southeast Asia including India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam [1][2][3], of which, several species such as Callicarpa candicans, C. americana L., C. japonica, C. macrophylla, and C. longissimi are highly valued for their essential oils, which are rich in terpenoids, phenylethanoids, volatile oils, lignans, and flavonoids. These classes have been known for a wide range of biological activities including antimicrobial, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infection [2,[4][5][6][7]. C. candicans (Burm.…”