Zoonotic Potential of Dermatophytosis in Small Mammals

Fehr, Michael

doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2015.06.015

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…M. canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton equinum, Trichophyton verrucosum , and Microsporum nanum species of fungi have important roles in veterinary medicine [ 3 , 13 , 14 ]. Common dermatophytes that infect small animals include M. canis, T. verrucosum , and T. mentagrophytes [ 15 ]. This study also showed that T. mentagrophytes is often found in guinea pigs and rabbits [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review

2020

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Dermatophytosis, a zoonotic disease, is caused by fungi of three main genera, namely, Micropsorum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. Specific lesions of dermatophyte infections are localized in the face, legs, and/or tail. Skin lesions in infected animals demonstrate localized alopecia, erythema, and crust, which are more commonly known as ringworm. Factors that affect dermatophytosis include the dermatophyte species; virulence factors of the agent; and the immune status, age, and sex of the host. High levels of cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines have also been reported to play an important role in dermatophyte infection. This review aims to explore and understand factors that affect dermatophyte infection with an emphasis on the prevalence, clinical signs, pathogenesis, immune response, and the roles of cortisol and cytokines in companion animals infected by a dermatophyte.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review

2020

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“…Based on its habitat, these fungi are classified as anthropophilic, zoophilic, and geophilic. Dermatophyte fungi which are keratolytic cause damage to the skin (epidermis and dermis), hair, and nail [2,3]. Dermatophytosis cases often found in pet and domesticated animals, and can even infect humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Dermatophyte Invasion on New Zealand Rabbit Skin Models

et al. 2020

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Dermatophytosis is a dermatophyte fungi infection most commonly found in animals and humans. The first step of infection is started from the attachment of arthroconidium into stratum corneum. The attachment of fungi to the host cell is mediated by fungi adhesin and its interaction with the host receptor. The objective of this research was to develop the infection model of Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum canis by inoculating the macroconidia intradermally on the rabbit model. The macroconidia collection method from culture media was re-visualized as fungi ultrastructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Skin lesion analysis was measured from clinical changes of the skin based on primary dermatophytosis signs such as circular alopecia with erythema and squamosal. Clinical confirmation test was done via skin sampling followed by histopathological examination using Methenamine Silver—Grocott’s (GMS) staining. As a result of this research, the in vivo infection model through direct infection of macroconidia applied intradermally was very effective in improving the direct infection to the invasion phase on the skin. This model confirmed the epidermal differentiation process and skin permeability showed primary lesion within 2 hours and aggravated up to 6 hours after inoculation. In conclusion, macroconidium is a potential source of infection to induce the dermatophytosis model and the severity of primary injection correlated with duration and the scale of clinical symptoms exhibited. This is a promising model for further research on the mechanism involved in dermatophyte infection.

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“…Dermatophytosis is among the readily spread conditions to human population which is caused by fungal species living on the superficial layers of the skin causing ringworm in animals whereas tinea and onycomycosis in human. As the species invade the non-living skin layers (stratum corneum), hair and adnexa superficially, clinical signs involving erythema, excoriation, encrustation, hyperkeratosis and alopecia leading to bacterial dermatitis are common (Fehr 2015, Carlotti et al 2010. M. canis is main causative agent of clinical dermatophytosis in humans, cats and dogs with prevalence of>50%, >80% and >75% respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Different Antimycotics and Disinfectants against Microsporum canis Isolated from Clinical Cases of Feline Dermatophytosis

Matloob¹,

Mahmood²,

Durrani³

et al. 2019

IJAR

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Dermatophytosis is a common fungal condition of skin having zoonotic importance. Unconventional use of antimycotics and persistence in environment due to improper disinfection often leads to resistance and treatment failure. The purpose of this study was to observe in-vitro efficacy of different antimycotics and disinfectants against Microsporum canis. Skin scraping samples from affected cats were cultured and purified. Conidia were harvested from cultured colonies and count of 1.0 x 106/mL was adjusted by hemocytometer. Harvested conidial suspensions were inoculated on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) with antimycotic disks and incubated, then inhibition zone diameters were measured. Same conidial suspensions were inoculated with each disinfectant separately on Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) petri plates and colonies were enumerated after incubation. The data suggested that Itraconazole had maximum in-vitro effect followed by Miconazole, Clotrimazole and Ketoconazole, whereas Fluconazole demonstrated resistance. On the other hand, 5% phenol, 3% Hydrogen Peroxide, 1:10 sodium hypochlorite solutions were equally effective against M. canis spores.

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Zoonotic Potential of Dermatophytosis in Small Mammals

Cited by 17 publications

References 57 publications

Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review

Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review

Mechanisms of Dermatophyte Invasion on New Zealand Rabbit Skin Models

In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Different Antimycotics and Disinfectants against Microsporum canis Isolated from Clinical Cases of Feline Dermatophytosis

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