This paper presents data about the radiation-protective characteristics of multilayer polyimide/lead (PI/Pb) composites for X-ray radiation. Multilayer composites were obtained by collecting lead-filled polyimide track membranes into a sandwich of the required thickness. ( Am) 241 = (E 59.5 keV) and ( Cd) 109 = (E 88 keV) isotopes were used as an X-ray radiation source. To assess the effect of lead filler particle size on the radiation-protective characteristics of a multilayer structure, data are presented on mathematically modeling the passage of 10-88 keV wavelength X-rays with through a composite. The experimental values of the attenuation coefficients of X-ray waves for a multilayer structure are 12-15% higher than the calculated ones. The increase in the attenuation coefficients obtained experimentally, compared with theoretical, is explained by using the proposed multilayer structure with lead particles in the nanoscale range.