Zinc hydroxystannate and zinc stannate as flame‐retardant agents for flexible poly(vinyl chloride)

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant properties of inorganic tin compounds such as zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) and zinc stannate (ZS) were investigated in a comparison with alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, and Sb 2 O 3 through the limiting oxygen index test and smoke density test. The flame-retardant mechanisms were studied through the char yield test, SEM, quantitative analysis, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The thermal degradation in air of flexible PVC treated with the above compounds was studied by thermal analysis from ambient temperature to 800°C. The results showed that tin compounds such as ZHS and ZS could be used as a highly effective flame retardant for flexible PVC, and it appears that the tin compound may exert its action in both the condensed and vapor phases, but mainly in condensed phases as a Lewis acid.

Thermal stability and flame retardance properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/polyvinyl chloride/organophilic Fe-montmorillonite nanocomposites

“…Fe-OMT has a good synergistic effect on the flame retardancy and smoke density of PVC [35], which are in agreement with the TG results. Some similar results are also reported that the transition metals compounds are good synergistic agents in flame-retardancy of ABS and PVC [36,37]. For example iron formate improves the effects of flame-retardancy and smoke suppressant in ABS/CPVC blends [37].…”

Zinc hydroxystannate‐coated metal hydroxides as flame retardant and smoke suppression for flexible poly vinyl chloride

“…The preparation of flame-retardants ZHS was according to Reference [7], and ZHS-coated ATH (ZHSCA) and ZHS-coated MDH (ZHSCM) were according to Reference [6,8]. Fifty grams of ATH or MDH were slurried by rapid stirring in 500 ml of an aqueous solution containing 5.13 g sodium hydroxystannate, 1.55 g ZnO, 5.54 g NaOH and 11.5 g urea.…”

A TG-FTIR investigation into smoke suppression mechanism of magnesium hydroxide in asphalt combustion process

“…The smoke suppression effects of inorganic hydroxides were enhanced by the treatment of ultra-fine surface-modification, and the dispersion, compatibility and binding force of inorganic hydroxides with PVC were increased at the same time [7]. The document [8] reported that zinc stannate was a kind of smoke suppressant with good thermal stability, nontoxic, and its heat-resistant temperature was up to 600 8C. The existing results showed that, compared with other inorganic smoke suppressants, MH had some advantages such as large heat In this study, the combined thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) technique was employed to analyze the influence of magnesium hydroxide (MH) on the volatile release in asphalt combustion process.…”