Zinc hydroxystannate‐coated metal hydroxides as flame retardant and smoke suppression for flexible poly vinyl chloride

Abstract

SUMMARYZinc hydroxystannate (ZHS)-coated metal hydroxides were prepared. The effects of ZHS-coated metal hydroxides on flame retardancy and smoke suppression of flexible poly vinyl chloride were studied by means of the limiting oxygen index, smoke density rating and the char yield test. The mechanism was investigated by thermogravimerty (TG), differential thermal analysis, and differential TG analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that ZHS-coated metal hydroxides are more effective flame retardant and smoke suppressant than metal hydroxides, and it appears that tin compound may exert its action in both the condensed and vapor phases, but mainly in condensed phases as a Lewis acid.

Reduction in smoke emitted and fire hazard presented by flexible poly (vinyl chloride) through novel synthesis of SnO2 supported by activated carbon spheres

“…From Figure D, it can be seen clearly that the theoretical curve is below the experimental curve of ACS@SnO 2 before 700°C, which indicates that SnO 2 can indeed improve the thermal stability of the hybrid material. Meanwhile, the same conclusion has also been found in our previous work …”

“…Meanwhile, the same conclusion has also been found in our previous work. [12][13][14][15] The chemical composition and structure of the char residue after the TG of ACS@SnO 2 were identified by XRD and XPS, as shown in Figure 4. In Figure 4A, all the intense and distinct peaks can be indexed to tetragonal Sn (JCPDS 86-2264).…”

Synthesis of microencapsulated zinc stannate and its application in flame‐retardant poly(vinyl chloride) membrane material

“…In fact, addition of ZS could not only suppress the temperature rise and pyrolysis of PVC in much wider temperature range but also release water vapor one after another in a much wider temperature range, which dilutes the concentrations of both oxygen and combustible gases. The charring ability of the composites was enhanced appreciably after the introduction of MF and MDH . As a result, it can be concluded that the charring of MF/MDH/ZS microcapsule played a very important role in flame‐retardant PVC.…”

Effect of core–shell zinc hydroxystannate nanoparticle–organic macromolecule composite flame retardant prepared by masterbatch method on flame‐retardant behavior and mechanical properties of flexible poly(vinyl chloride)

“…However, in many application fields, it requires to fill varying levels of organic plasticizer like dioctyl phthalate (denoted as DOP) so as to make PVC materials flexible and easily processible. The incorporation of the organic plasticizer, however, usually makes PVC products easier to ignite and burn thereby causing danger to life . Therefore, it is imperative to incorporate flame retardants into flexible PVC so as to improve its flame‐retardant capability .…”

“…Unfortunately, ZS and ZHS as flame retardants are less competitive in terms of cost and large scale industrial application. To overcome this drawback, many researchers have made efforts to develop a series of ZHS‐coated inorganic salts as flame retardants, and they have found that ZHS‐coated metal hydroxides or calcium carbonates possess better flame‐retardant and smoke suppression properties than metal hydroxides or calcium carbonates . These researches have contributed to decrease the dosage of ZHS flame retardant thereby reducing its cost.…”