The Dynamic Tree Cut method is implemented in an R package available at http://www.genetics.ucla.edu/labs/horvath/CoexpressionNetwork/BranchCutting.

No abstract

A new approach on usage of S‐1‐dodecyl‐S′‐(α,α′‐dimethyl‐α″‐acetic acid)trithiocarbonate (DDAT)‐covalently functionalized graphene oxide (GO) as reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent for growing of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) directly from the surface of GO was described. The PVK polymer covalently grafted onto GO has Mn of 8.05 × 103, and a polydispersity of 1.43. The resulting material PVK‐GO shows a good solubility in organic solvents when compared to GO, and a significant energy bandgap of ∼2.49 eV. Bistable electrical switching and nonvolatile rewritable memory effect, with a turn‐on voltage of about −1.7 V and an ON/OFF state current ratio in excess of 103, are demonstrated in the Al/PVK‐GO/ITO structure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011

In this paper, a triazine‐based flame retardant (TAT) was synthesized from cyanuric chloride and aniline. Its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis. Two kinds of novel intumescent flame‐retardant epoxy systems were obtained with the incorporation of TAT and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) or hexa‐phenoxy‐cyclotriphosphazene (HPCP). The flame retardancy of the obtained epoxy samples was evaluated using limited oxygen index, vertical burning (UL94), and cone calorimeter tests. The results indicated that there was a synergistic effect between TAT and DOPO or HPCP. The flame‐retardant mechanism was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TGA‐FTIR) coupled with the morphology and chemical analysis of the char residues. During combustion, DOPO or HPCP decomposed to release phosphorus‐containing free radicals with quenching effect. The morphology study showed that the introduction of DOPO or HPCP promoted the carbonization of epoxy matrix and the formation of a phosphorus‐containing viscous char layer, while the pyrolysis gases derived from the decomposition of TAT caused the char layer to expand. The main reason of the promotion of flame retardancy of epoxy samples was that the simultaneous addition of TAT and DOPO or HPCP led to the formation of a compact and intumescent char layer that restricted the transfer of heat and combustible volatiles and simultaneously protected the underlying matrix.

A novel epoxy‐containing silicone rubber network was constructed by hydrosilylation reaction among the synthesized vinyl‐containing epoxy resin prepolymers, vinyl terminated silicone oil and hydrogen‐containing silicone oil. The structure of the vinyl‐containing epoxy resin prepolymers was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Morphology observations revealed that uniform “sea‐island” phase separation structure was present in modified silicone rubbers. The compatibility between silicone rubber and epoxy resin was enhanced, thanks to the good dispersion of vinyl‐containing epoxy prepolymers in silicone rubber matrix. The adhesion and tensile properties of modified silicone rubbers were greatly enhanced when compared with those of unmodified counterparts. The thermal degradation behavior of cured silicone rubbers was studied using thermogravimetric analysis and thermogravimetric/infrared spectrometry analysis. Results showed that the formation of epoxy‐containing silicone rubber network altered the degradation process of silicone rubber, thereby yielding a higher residue at 800 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48397.

No abstract

No abstract

Totally enclosed water-cooled permanent magnet machines have been widely applied in electric vehicles due to their advantages of high torque density, high power factor and strong overloading capacity. However, this type of machine often suffers extremely high ambient temperature in very limited space, which may lead to serious faults during operation, such as demagnetization. In order to study the thermal performance in depth, after investigation on the air convection within end-space, this paper presents a thermal model, which takes into account the influence of the air temperature within the end-space on the temperature distribution by convection. Combining electromagnetic finiteelement analysis with thermal resistance network, the thermal model is established, which is based on the law of heat flux balance in two continuous iterative calculations. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamic technology and experiments are implemented to further validate the proposed thermal model. 