Synergistic effect between a novel triazine‐based flame retardant and DOPO/HPCP on epoxy resin

Chicken feather keratin (CK), a biomaterial that contains a large amount of nitrogen is extracted from chicken feathers and has significant potential for use as a flame retardant. In this study, CK and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) were added in different amounts to an epoxy resin (EP), and their flame retardancy and smoke suppression effects were studied. The results showed that CK

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Zheng

Zhu

et al. 2020

“…It is noted that both PLA‐4 and PLA‐7 exhibit a long stable burning stage. That is speculated to the decomposition of flame retardants can release PO• radical to react with active radicals from oxygen and thus suppress flame development . In Figure B, all the PLA composites have smaller THR values in comparison with PLA‐0.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Synergistic effect of flame retardants and graphitic carbon nitride on flame retardancy of polylactide composites

Cao

Chi

Deng

et al. 2020

In order to improve the flame retardant of polylactide (PLA), the synergistic effect of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) with commercial-available flame retardants melamine pyrophosphate (MPP) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) was investigated. The PLA composites containing 5 wt% g-C 3 N 4 and 10 wt% DOPO had a highest limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 29.5% and reached the V-0 rating of UL-94 test. The cone calorimeter tests exhibited that DOPO had a better synergistic effect with g-C 3 N 4 than MPP to improve flame retardancy of PLA. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of PLA composites containing 10 wt% DOPO could be reduced by 25.2% and 23.6%, respectively, as compared with those of pure PLA. The presence of rich phosphorus element and aromatic groups in DOPO contributed to obtain continuous compact char layer and increase the graphitization level of char residues, thereby, resulting in improving the flame retardancy of PLA together with g-C 3 N 4 . In addition, the incorporation of DOPO can serve as a plasticizer to reduce the complex viscosity, improving the processability of PLA composites. K E Y W O R D S flame retardancy, graphitic carbon nitride, polylactide 1 | INTRODUCTION Bio-based and biodegradable polymers have received considerable attention during the last decade due to the growing environmental pollution and the shortage of petroleum resources. Polylactide (PLA),one of the commercial biodegradable polyesters, exhibits superior mechanical property, biodegradability, and easy processability. 1,2 It has a variety of potential applications, such as packaging, fishery, electronics, and automobile components. 3-5 However, the intrinsic poor thermal resistance and high combustibility of PLA restrict its further applications. To address the aforementioned challenges, many researches have demonstrated that the incorporation of twodimensional nanofiller is a simple and effective way to enhance thermal stability and flame retardant performance of PLA. It is widely acknowledged that the combination of the dispersed two-dimensional nanofiller with additive-type flame retardants can dramatically inhibit the oxidation reactions and/or pyrolytic reactions during the combustion. Tawaih et al reported that the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of PLA composites could be reduced by 76.5% and 76.9%, respectively, with 2 wt% of sodium metaborate

“…During recent years, phosphorus‐containing flame retardants such as 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) and its derivatives; red phosphorus (RP); hexa‐phenoxy‐cyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) and its derivatives; ammonium polyphosphate (APP); and aluminum diethylphosphinate (OP) have been used as halogen‐free flame retardants for EP modification. Many works were carried out using DOPO, HPCTP, and their derivatives as flame retardants for EP, due to good flame retardancy and acceptable impacts on the various properties of EP . Zhang and coauthors reported four‐functional flame retardants prepared from HPCTP or DOPO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many works were carried out using DOPO, HPCTP, and their derivatives as flame retardants for EP, due to good flame retardancy and acceptable impacts on the various properties of EP . Zhang and coauthors reported four‐functional flame retardants prepared from HPCTP or DOPO. Limited oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning tests (UL‐94) showed that EP/HPCTP thermosets possessed better flame retardant properties than EP/DOPO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are patents using EDPO as flame retardants for polyphenylene ether (PPO)‐based compositions, its application as a flame retardant for EP had not been reported. The use of HTP‐6123 and HPCTP as flame retardants for EPs has been studied extensively . However, the reported data, such as the T g value, decomposition temperature, LOI value, and UL‐94 test results varied greatly, which make the results inconclusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of ethyl‐bridged diphenylphosphine oxide on flame retardancy and thermal properties of epoxy resin

Wei

Liu

et al. 2020

Three commercialized flame retardants, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphinoyl)ethane (EDPO), 6,6-(1,2-phenethyl)bis-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6,6-dioxide (HTP-6123), and hexa-phenoxy-cyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP), were used to prepare the flame retardant diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin (EP) under the same experimental conditions. The effects of T g , thermal stability, and water absorption properties of EP caused by the three flame retardants were investigated and compared, together with their flame retardant efficiency. Results showed that the introduction of the three flame retardants improved the flame retardant performance of EP but led to decreases in T g and decomposition temperature. EDPO showed higher flame retardant efficiency than the other two flame retardants. EP/EDPO showed higher thermal stability, better flame retardant performance, higher T g value, and lower water absorption than EP/HTP-6123 and EP/HPCTP. The study discovered that EDPO and HTP-6123 primarily act through the gas phase flame retardant mechanism, while HPCTP is primarily driven by the condensed phase mechanism. K E Y W O R D S diphenylphosphine oxide, DOPO, epoxy resin, flame retardant, hexa-phenoxycyclotriphosphazene