Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Hu, Po; Zheng, Xinqian; Zhu, Jie; Wu, Baolin

doi:10.1002/pat.4963

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Accordingly, the required amount of combustible volatile compounds for ignition reaches in a short time. A similar trend is observed with the use of protein-based fibers in polypropylene and epoxy resin . With the addition of CF, a little amount of char is formed and accumulated on the sides of aluminum foil as seen in Figure .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Potential Use of Melamine Phytate as a Flame-Retardant Additive in Chicken Feather-Containing Thermoplastic Polyurethane Biocomposites

2023

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Using waste materials such as chicken feathers (CF) and biobased flame-retardant additives including melamine phytate (MPht) has become an effective approach for environmentally friendly and sustainable production in recent years. This study explores the flame retardant effectiveness of MPht in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based biocomposites containing CF. The characterizations of the composites are performed through thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical UL-94 (UL-94 V), and mass loss calorimetry (MLC) tests. According to the test results, the highest UL-94 V rating of V0, a LOI value of 29.4%, and the lowest peak heat release rate (pHRR) (110 Kw/m2) and total heat evolved (THE) (39 MJ/m2) values are obtained with the use of 20 wt % MPht. It is demonstrated that MPht acts as an effective flame-retardant filler through the formation of intumescent char in the condensed phase and flame dilution in the gas phase.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Potential Use of Melamine Phytate as a Flame-Retardant Additive in Chicken Feather-Containing Thermoplastic Polyurethane Biocomposites

2023

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“…Thus, the required amount of combustible volatile compounds for ignition reaches in short time. With the addition of protein fibers, the decrease in TTI value is observed in epoxy resin, 9 and polypropylene. 12 With the addition of CF, little amount of char is formed and accumulated on the sides of aluminum foil as seen in Figure 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…With the addition of CF, the improvements in elastic modulus and tensile strength were observed. [5][6][7] Although the flame retardant performance of CF containing composites with different matrix materials are tried to increase, [8][9][10][11][12] no effort is seen in the literature to improve that of TPU based composites. In the literature, various commercially available flame retardant additives including melamine derivatives were used to improve the flame retardant performance of neat and filled TPU based composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of melamine derivatives as flame retardant additive in chicken feather containing thermoplastic polyurethane biocomposites

Mutlu

Tayfun

Doğan

2022

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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The objective of this research is to examine the potential use of melamine derivatives namely melamine cyanurate (MC), melamine phosphate (MP), and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) as flame retardant additives in chicken feather (CF) containing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The performances of the composites are evaluated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical UL-94 (UL-94 V), and mass loss calorimeter (MLC) tests. The V0 rating is achieved with the addition of 10 wt% MC, 20 wt% MP, and MPP. The performances of the additives are ranked in the ascending order of MC, MP, and MPP in LOI test. MP and MPP show distinct better performance than MC in the condensed phase. However, the gas phase action of MC is much better. than MP, and MPP. The lowest pHRR (103 Kw/m2), THE (39 MJ/m2), and THE/TML ratio (1.4 MJ/m2g) are observed with the use of 20 wt% MPP, MP, and MC, respectively.

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“…For the sake of environmental protection, the CF has been used as fiber-reinforced material [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and flame retardant additives. [26][27][28] Besides, the extraction and utilization of high content keratin is also an effective way to turn CFs into treasure.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/mame202100498mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perm‐Inspired High‐Performance Soy Protein Isolate and Chicken Feather Keratin‐Based Wood Adhesive without External Crosslinker

Zhou

et al. 2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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Crosslinking modification can effectively improve the water resistance of soy protein isolate (SPI) adhesive, but it often depends on petroleum-based reagents, violating the concept of green environmental protection. Here, inspired by the breaking and recombination of the disulfide bond in the perm process, a high-performance wood adhesive is prepared by incorporation of SPI (modified by sodium sulfite to cleave the disulfide bonds of protein chains) and feather keratin (FK, extracted from waste chicken feathers by breaking the disulfide bond) without using any other crosslinkers. The crosslinking reaction occurs by disulfide bonds derived from the sulfhydryl group of FK and SPI. Thus the wet shear strength of the SPI/FK-20 adhesive is improved from 0.57 to 1.18 MPa, an increment of 107%. This study provides a green strategy to prepare high-performance protein-based adhesive from the waste products-chicken feathers, which will contribute to the development of the environmentally friendly wood adhesive industry.

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Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Potential Use of Melamine Phytate as a Flame-Retardant Additive in Chicken Feather-Containing Thermoplastic Polyurethane Biocomposites

Potential Use of Melamine Phytate as a Flame-Retardant Additive in Chicken Feather-Containing Thermoplastic Polyurethane Biocomposites

Performance evaluation of melamine derivatives as flame retardant additive in chicken feather containing thermoplastic polyurethane biocomposites

Perm‐Inspired High‐Performance Soy Protein Isolate and Chicken Feather Keratin‐Based Wood Adhesive without External Crosslinker

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