Effect of core–shell zinc hydroxystannate nanoparticle–organic macromolecule composite flame retardant prepared by masterbatch method on flame‐retardant behavior and mechanical properties of flexible poly(vinyl chloride)

Abstract

Macromolecule flame retardant melamine‐dicyandiamide‐formaldehyde‐phosphoric acid (denoted as MDFP) was used as the shell material to synthesize zinc hydroxystannate@MDFP (denoted as ZHS@MDFP), a novel composite flame retardant with core–shell structure, via masterbatch method. The morphology and structure of ZHS@MDFP were analyzed by means of transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and thermal analysis. Moreover, the effect of ZHS@MDFP as a flame retardant on the flame‐retardant behavior and mechanical properties of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (denoted as PVC) was investigated. It has been found that as‐synthesized ZHS@MDFP composite flame retardant has core–shell structure. Besides, as‐synthesized ZHS@MDFP as a core–shell flame retardant is superior to ZHS in increasing the limiting oxygen index and decreasing the smoke density rating of PVC, which is because the decomposition of MDFP shell as the blowing agent expands the char layer thereby improving the flame‐retarding capability of ZHS core. More importantly, ZHS@MDFP does not cause damage to the tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC matrix, which implies that the MDFP shell favors to improve the compatibility between ZHS and flexible PVC matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1983–1989, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

Preparation of zinc hydroxystannate-decorated graphene oxide nanohybrids and their synergistic reinforcement on reducing fire hazards of flexible poly (vinyl chloride)

“…Unfortunately, ZHS as flame retardant is less competitive in terms of cost and has a poor compatibility like other inorganic fillers in PVC bringing about the deterioration of mechanical properties, which is undesirable for the fabrication of high-performance materials. To overcome this drawback, our previous studies have made efforts to synthesize a composite flame retardant with core-shell structure: nano-ZHS coated by a macromolecule flame retardant, and the nanocomposite flame retardant not only significantly improves flame-retardant and smoke suppression properties of PVC but also does no damage to mechanical properties of PVC [ 18 ]. However, this coating technique is relatively complicated.…”

Synthesis of microencapsulated zinc stannate and its application in flame‐retardant poly(vinyl chloride) membrane material

“…In fact, addition of ZS could not only suppress the temperature rise and pyrolysis of PVC in much wider temperature range but also release water vapor one after another in a much wider temperature range, which dilutes the concentrations of both oxygen and combustible gases. The charring ability of the composites was enhanced appreciably after the introduction of MF and MDH . As a result, it can be concluded that the charring of MF/MDH/ZS microcapsule played a very important role in flame‐retardant PVC.…”

“…Obviously, the incorporation of MF/MDH/ZS microcapsule not only promoted the flame retardancy of PVC composite but also decreased the SDR during the combustion process. This was attributed to MF, ZS and MDH had a synergistic effect in PVC composites, and the charring was easily formed, which could not only inhibit heat and oxygen to go into the PVC bulk but also inhibit combustion gases to go out the PVC bulk …”

A novel intumescent flame retardant with nanocellulose as charring agent and its flame retardancy in polyurethane foam

“…The spectrum of DFNAPP shows the characteristic bands of dicyandiamide‐formaldehyde and nanocellulose, which are at 2,175; 1,075; 2,890; and 1,430 cm −1 . The absorption at 2,175 cm −1 might be attributed to the vibration of CN + C, which is produced from the reaction of dicyandiamide and formaldehyde . The adsorption band of nanocellulose at 2,175 and 1,430 cm −1 are detected, which are corresponding to CH stretching and deformation vibration, respectively .…”