A novel intumescent flame retardant with nanocellulose as charring agent and its flame retardancy in polyurethane foam

Abstract

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is microencapsulated with nanocellulose and dicyandiamide‐formaldehyde using in situ polymerization and flocculation method. The presence of nanocellulose and dicyandiamide‐formaldehyde significantly affects the thermal behavior and flame retardancy of microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (DFNAPP). DFNAPP is much more stable from 524 to 637°C than that of APP because of the charred formation. Rigid polyurethane foam (PU) composites added DFNAPP obtain higher limiting oxygen index (LOI) values than that with the same loading of APP. Due to the presence of shell, experimental results indicate that DFNAPP obtains better compatibility and water resistance in PU matrix, resulting in the improved mechanical properties of the PU composites and the water durability. LOI value of PU/APP composite added 16.7 wt% additives has a decrement of 3.0% after water treatment. By comparison, that of PU/DFNAPP composite with the same loading of DFNAPP is only 0.3%. Compression strength of PU composite is increased from 195 kPa to 213 kPa when the DFNAPP (16.7 wt%) additive substitutes for APP (16.7 wt%). POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2762–2770, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Synthesis of Phosphated K-Carrageenan and Its Application for Flame-Retardant Waterborne Epoxy

“…However, with the depletion of petroleum resources and the pollution caused by petroleum use, it is necessary to find new carbon sources to replace petroleum [16,17]. Many biologically based materials with polyhydroxy structure are good carbon sources, such as starch [18,19], cellulose [20], tea saponin [21], cyclodextrin [22], carrageenan [23], etc., however, their thermal stability is not good. If the biologically based material is simply added to the matrix as a carbon source, the thermal stability of the matrix is lowered, and the char-forming ability is affected.…”

Enhanced Fire Safety of Rigid Polyurethane Foam via Synergistic Effect of Phosphorus/Nitrogen Compounds and Expandable Graphite

“…Polyurethanes (PUs) have been widely utilized in various fields including paints, construction, adhesives, refrigeration, aeronautics, medical devices, sealants and oil pipeline [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is one of the most extensively applied PU materials due to its excellent mechanical and adiabatic properties, such as high compressive strength, light weight, construction convenience, low water absorption, low thermal conductivity and so on [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Phosphorylated cellulose/Fe3+ complex: A novel flame retardant for epoxy resins

“…In orders to improve the properties of cellulose, the esterification reactions and etherification reactions of the cellulose are adopted. 4 As for the phosphorous modification of cellulose, the phosphorus can be attached to the cellulose chains covalently through the reaction of hydroxy groups to get Cell-O-P(O)(OH) 2 , phosphite groups Cell-O-P(OH) 2 or phosphonic acid groups Cell-P(O)(OH) 2 . 5,6 Generally, the phosphorus in the phosphorylated cellulose is an important acid scour and the cellulose in the phosphorylated cellulose can be regard as the carbon scour in the flame retardancy of polymeric materials.…”