A novel flame retardant, zinc hydroxystannate-decorated graphene oxide (ZHS/GO) nanohybrid, was successfully prepared and well characterized. Herein, the ZHS nanoparticles could not only enhance the flame retardancy of GO with the synergistic flame-retardant effect of ZHS but also prevent the restack of GO to improve the mechanical properties of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix. The structure characterization showed ZHS nanoparticles were bonded onto the surface of GO nanosheets and the ZHS nanoparticles were well distributed on the surface of GO. Subsequently, resulting ZHS/GO was introduced into flexible PVC and fire hazards and mechanical properties of PVC nanocomposites were investigated. Compared to neat PVC, thermogravimetric analysis exhibited that the addition of ZHS/GO into PVC matrix led to an improvement of the charring amount and thermal stability of char residue. Moreover, the incorporation of 5 wt.% ZHS/GO imparted excellent flame retardancy to flexible PVC, as shown by increased limiting oxygen index, reduced peak heat release rate, and total heat release tested by an oxygen index meter and a cone calorimeter, respectively. In addition, the addition of ZHS/GO nanohybrids decreased the smoke products and increased the tensile strength of PVC. Above-excellent flame-retardant properties are generally attributed to the synergistic effect of GO and ZHS, containing good dispersion of ZHS/GO in PVC matrix, the physical barrier of GO, and the catalytic char function of ZHS.
A novel organic–inorganic nanohybrid flame retardant was prepared. The organic flame retardant could not only surface modify to the inorganic flame retardant but also improve flame retardancy of inorganic flame retardant with the synergistic effect.
Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were decorated with lanthanum trifluoride (LaF 3 ) nanoparticles by a simple solution method to afford LaF 3 −GO nanohybrids, with which ammonium fluoride and lanthanum nitrate were used as raw materials to synthesize LaF 3 nanoparticles. As-prepared LaF 3 −GO nanohybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Moreover, the thermal stability of the as-prepared LaF 3 −GO nanohybrids was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, and their tribological properties as an additive of distilled water were evaluated with a four-ball friction and wear tester. It was found that LaF 3 nanoparticles are integrated with the GO nanosheets through electrostatic interaction thereby affording LaF 3 −GO nanohybrids. In addition, when the as-prepared LaF 3 −GO nanohybrid was added into distilled water at an optimum mass fraction of 1.5%, it was able to significantly improve the tribological properties of distilled water. This is because LaF 3 −GO nanohybrids can be deposited on rubbed steel surfaces to form protective and lubricious layers consisting of GO, LaF 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , and FeF 3 , thereby significantly reducing the friction and wear of the steel−steel contact under water lubrication.
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