Yb³⁺, Er³⁺ Codoped Cerium Oxide Upconversion Nanoparticles Enhanced the Enzymelike Catalytic Activity and Antioxidative Activity for Parkinson’s Disease Treatment

Abstract

Oxidative stress plays an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is considered a therapeutic target for PD. However, most therapeutic antioxidants show limitations due to their low reactive oxygen species (ROS) catalytic properties and low crossing of blood−brain barrier. Herein, the antioxidative activity of Yb 3+ and Er 3+ double-doped CeO 2−x (Yb/Er/CeO 2−x ) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is obtained for PD treatment. Doping of Yb 3+ and Er 3+ ions increases oxygen vacancies, which leads to higher enzymelike catalytic activities compared to CeO 2−x nanoparticles alone. Tyrosine hydroxylase protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in substantia nigra and striatum as well as the open-field activity test indicates that Yb/Er/CeO 2−x is effective for treatment of PD. The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity increase and the production of ROS decreases with Yb/Er/CeO 2−x UCNP treatment compared with MPTP-induced injury. This indicates that the mechanism of PD treatment is to catalyze ROS products. There have been no reports to date on the usage of Yb/Er/CeO 2−x as an antioxidant for PD treatment. Yb/Er/CeO 2−x UCNPs cross the blood− brain barrier and exhibit biocompatibility and antioxidant catalytic properties, which decrease the ROS and effectively help in treating PD.

Induction of ROS mediated genomic instability, apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by erbium oxide nanoparticles in human hepatic Hep-G2 cancer cells

“…At present, cerium oxide nanoparticles doped with erbium ions have shown higher antioxidant and catalytic capabilities compared to cerium oxide nanoparticles 11 . Thus, the current study was conducted to estimate the effect of Er 2 O 3 -NPs on cell proliferation rate and genomic DNA integrity human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cells.…”

Breakthroughs in nanozyme-inspired application diversity

“…The created Mn 3 O 4 nanoparticles showed considerable potential in the prevention of ROS-mediated PD in a disease model by playing a favorable protective activity in MPP + -induced nerve cell damage through its redox modulatory impact. 164…”

“…The created Mn 3 O 4 nanoparticles showed considerable potential in the prevention of ROS-mediated PD in a disease model by playing a favorable protective activity in MPP + -induced nerve cell damage through its redox modulatory impact. 164 The complex, multifaceted disease, i.e., Huntington's disease that also includes oxidative stress and epigenetic variables, is a representative ailment. To repair neuronal processes and prevent oxidative damages to the brain, Chen and colleagues created selenium nanoparticles.…”

Reactive-oxygen-species-scavenging nanomaterials for resolving inflammation

“… Materials Working mechanisms Indications Ref. CeO 2 NPs SOD- and CAT-mimetic nanozyme activities Colitis; acute liver injury; stroke therapy; Alzheimer's disease; monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension; diabetic ulcer wounds; Parkinson's disease; rheumatoid arthritis [ 36 , 41 , 45 , [119] , [120] , [121] , [122] , [123] ] Pt NPs POD-, CAT-, and SOD-like nanozyme activities Chronic inflammatory diseases; vascular diseases; cerebral cavernous malformation disease; hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury [ 50 , [124] , [125] , [126] ] Cu-based NPs POD-, CAT-, SOD-, and glutathione-like enzyme activities Parkinson's disease; kidney and liver injury; inflamed wounds; enteritis and wound healing; caries [ 15 , 56 , 57 , 127 , 128 ] PB NPs POD-, CAT-, and SOD-like multienzyme activities High glucose contents, and oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion; acute pancreatitis; dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis; brain diseases; inflammatory bowel disease [ 16 , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] ] SOD-containing NPs SOD enzyme activity Brain ischemia–reperfusion injury; colitis; testicular oxidative stress; myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury; neuroprotective [ 63 , 65 , [129] , [130] , [131] ...…”