XRCC1 Gene Polymorphism, Diet and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Thailand

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between the presence of a polymorphism of the XRCC1 gene and known risk factors for colorectal cancer in Thailand. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Thailand. The participants were 230 histologically confirmed new cases and 230 controls matched by sex and age and recruited from the same hospital. Information about demographic characteristics, life style, and dietary habits was collected using structured interviews, and blood samples were taken which were used for the detection of a homozygous and heterozygous polymorphisms of XRCC1. Associations were assessed using multiple conditional logistic regression. Results: In the univariate analysis, factors found to be significantly associated with an increased risk for CRC were the presence of the XRCC1 AA homozygote (OR= 4.95; 95% CI: 1.99-12.3), a first degree family history of cancer (OR= 1.74; 95% CI: 1.18-2.58), and a high frequency of pork consumption (OR= 1.49; 95% CI: 1.00-2.21). Intakes of fish fruit and vegetables appeared to be protective factors, but the associations were not statistically significant. In the multivariate analysis only the XRCC1 AA homozygote polymorphism and a family history of cancer emerged as risk factors (OR= 4.96; 95% CI: 1.90-12.95 and OR=1.80; 95% CI: 1.18-2.72, respectively). Conclusions: While the XRCC1 AA homozygote and a family history of cancer were found to be associated with an increased risk of CRC, none of the dietary intake variables were clearly identified as risk or protective factors. There is a need for further research to determine the reasons for this.

Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer in Thailand

“…However, our result are in contrast with most previous studies which report family history of CRC to increase the risk for CRC (Johns and Houlston, 2001;Zhivotovskiy et al, 2012;Castiglione et al, 2012;Turati et al, 2013;Askling et al, 2001;Stegeman et al, 2013). Indeed, family history of any cancer has been shown to be associated with CRC in the Thai population (Sriamporn et al, 2007;Promthet et al, 2010;Poomphakwaen et al, 2014). Our inability to identify family history as a risk factor may stem from limited information from the case report form.…”

“…This is consistent with some other studies. For instance , no relationship between smoking and CRC was found in a US Prospective cohort study of white males (Hsing et al, 1998), Nor did previous studies in Japan (Nisa et al, 2010) or Holland (Tiemersma et al, 2002), or indeed, earlier colorectal case-control studies in Thailand (Promthet et al, 2010;Poomphakwaen et al, 2014). However, several colorectal cancer studies have shown a relationship between smoking and CRC development (Botteri et al, 2008;Phipps et al, 2011;Leufkens, et al, 2011;Gong et al, 2012;Zhivotovskiy et al, 2012;Peng et al, 2013;Stegeman et al, 2013).…”

“…However, a meta-analysis investigating the association between alcohol intake and colorectal serrated polyp with the dose-response of alcohol intake indicates the light alcohol intake does not increase risk of colorectal serrated polyp (Wang et al, 2015). Also a case-control study in India (Ganesh et al, 2009), and a previous study in the Thai population found no association between alcohol consumption and CRC (Sriamporn et al, 2007;Poomphakwaen et al, 2014).…”

Association of XRCC1 Arg399Gln Polymorphism with Colorectal Cancer Risk: A HuGE Meta Analysis of 35 Studies

“…Thirty five studies were included based on the search criteria for CRC susceptibility related to the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms (Abdel-Rahman et al, 2000;Krupa et al, 2004;Hong et al, 2005;Skjelbred et al, 2006;Ren et al;Moreno et al, 2006;Jin et al, 2007;Stern et al, 2007;Yeh et al, 2007;Martinez-Balibrea et al, 2008;Pardini et al, 2008;Kasahara et al, 2008; Song et al, 2008;Sliwinski et al, 2008;Improta et al, 2008;Curtin et al, 2009;Brevik et al, 2010;Jelonek et al, 2010;Canbay et al, 2011;Engin et al, 2011;Gsur et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2011;Muniz-Mendoza et al, 2012;Yin et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012;Gil et al, 2013;Khan et al, 2013;Li et al, 2013;Przybylowska et al, 2013;Procopciuc et al, 2013;Nissar et al, 2014;Poomphakwaen et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014). Study characteristics were summarized in Table 1.…”

Impact of polymorphisms of the DNA repair gene XRCC1 and their role in the risk of prostate cancer

“…These coding polymorphisms were detected at codons 194 (Arg>Trp), 280 (Arg>His) and 399 (Arg>Gln) in different cancers including prostate cancer, but the results are inconsistent. 10 - 13 These non- conservative amino acid changes may alter XRCC1 function and may have an impact on individual susceptibility to prostate cancer. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a case-control study to examine the role of XRCC1 codons 194 (Arg>Trp), 280 (Arg>His) and 399 (Arg>Gln) polymorphisms in the risk of prostate cancer.…”