Worker remittances, migration, accumulation and growth in poor developing countries: Survey and analysis of direct and indirect effects

Remittances and Energy Consumption: Evidence from Morocco

“…Macro and micro level empirical studies (country case studies using household surveys), supporting the optimistic view, reveal that remittances reduce income inequality, (Mughal, ), poverty (Jimenez‐Soto and Brown, ), infant mortality (Zhunio et al., ), child labour (Ebeke, ), malnutrition (Lu, ), and output volatility (Chama et al., ). Additionally, they promote economic growth (Cooray, ), financial sector development (Aggarwal, et al., ), and capital accumulation (Senbeta, ); increase the propensity to save (Ziesemer, ), aggregate labour supply (Posso, ), domestic investment (Blouchoutzi and Nikas, ), tax revenues (Abdih et al., ), and life expectancy (Zhunio et al., ); improve primary and secondary school attendance (Zhunio et al., ); and maintain macroeconomic stability (Spatafora, ).…”

“…However, macro and micro level empirical studies supporting the pessimistic view suggest that remittances impede economic growth through the Dutch Disease effect (Lartey et al., ); lower tax revenues (Ziesemer, ); reduce the labour supply (Airola, ), fertility rate (Zhunio et al., ), and agricultural activities (Gray and Bilsborrow, ); lead to public moral hazard (Ebeke, ); decrease external trade competitiveness (Chowdhury and Rabbi, ); increase corruption (Berdiev et al., ); appreciate national currency (Lartey et al., ) and stimulate inflation (Jansen et al., ). Consequently, recent macro and micro level empirical studies provide mixed results on whether remittances contribute to or slow economic development.…”

Migration, Remittances, Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Africa: GMM Technique

“…In general, Africa suffers from huge number of outgoing migrants which cause loss in human capital stock in the continent. For instance, educated and trained labors prefer to supply their skills abroad to get high salary instead of what they will get if they worked in their countries [17]. This justifies the negative impact of outgoing migration on economic growth due to the shortage in skilled and trained labors which harm the economic activities and lower economic development in Africa.…”

“…In addition, remittances increase total investment in country by providing informal source of finance for families and households after fulfilling consumption and other needs [15]. Besides, remittances build-ups human capital since migrants' families invest more in health care and educating their children, such investments accumulate human capital and promote economic growth [16,17].…”

Do Remittances Have a Real Impact on Economic Performance: Evidence from Côte d’Ivoire

“…When this is the case, remittances will tend to undermine productivity and growth in less developed countries (Giuliano and Ruiz-Arranz, 2006). Given that many empirical studies on the remittances and economic growth nexus are inconclusive (Rao and Hassan, 2011;Gapen and al., 2009;Giuliano and Ruiz-Arranz, 2009;Ziesemer, 2012;Barajas and al., 2009;Nwaogu and Ryan, 2015;Ghosh, 2017), the Ivorian evidence presented in this paper could contribute to the debate since no such evidence has been provided on this country to our knowledge. Moreover, the country in an attempt to harness and structure remittances inflow has instituted a special event since 2012 called the "Diaspora for Growth Forum."…”