Wireless sensor network‐based solution for environmental monitoring: water quality assessment case study

Abstract

The challenges of climate change, population growth, demographic change, urbanization and resource depletion mean that the world's great cities need to adapt to survive and thrive over the coming decades. Slashing greenhouse gas emissions to prevent catastrophic climate change, while maintaining or increasing quality of life, can be a costly and difficult process. Two factors that directly affect the life quality in the XXI century cities are the water and air quality that can be monitored using the combination of low cost sensing modules, machine to machine (M2M) and internet of things (IoT) technologies. In this context, this study presents a wireless sensor network architecture that combines low cost sensing nodes and a low cost multiparameters sensing probe for reliable monitoring of water quality parameters of surface waters (lakes, estuaries and rivers) in urban areas. A particular attention is dedicated to the design of the conductivity, temperature and turbidity signal conditioning circuits, highlighting important issues related to linearisation, measuring dynamic range and low-cost implementation by using commercial off-the-shelf components and devices. Several issues related to the wireless sensor network implementation are included in this study, as well as several simulation and experimental results.

Occurrence of multiclass endocrine disrupting compounds in a drinking water supply system and associated risks

“…Further, its applications in the water industry include the sorting of water scarcity by sensing chemical contents (e.g., chlorine) and physicochemical properties (e.g., pH, temperature, conductivity, and turbidity) that can impact the natural state of water. Within the communication arrangement, a wireless sensor network (WSN), which combines sensing devices and the monitoring of multiple water quality parameters, has been widely utilized, as noted in previous studies 45 – 47 . The implementation of IoT technology in EDC monitoring requires a breakthrough since the broad scope of EDCs in interference-containing environmental matrices at trace levels necessitate the involvement of analytical protocols within a vast quality assurance and control structure.…”

Mobile Personal Health Monitoring for Automated Classification of Electrocardiogram Signals in Elderly

“…The current configuration uses an instrumental amplifier, based on an encapsulation with four LM324 operational amplifiers [ 35 ], to amplify the signal with a noninverter amplifier, then filter it, and add voltage ( Figure 4 ). A low power OP97E operational amplifier [ 36 ] closes the circuit, protects the user from static charges, and suppresses voltage transients.…”

Water Quality Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks

“…There have been several implementations of WSN-based WQM systems that have been tested or deployed in Australia [Silva et al 2011;Rao et al 2013], China [Jiang et al 2009;Jin et al 2010 [Wiranto et al 2015], Ireland [O'Flyrm et al 2007;Regan et al 2009;O'Connor et al 2012;Garcia et al 2012;Murphy et al 2015], Malawi [Zennaro et al 2009], Malaysia [Rasin and Abdullah 2009], Mexico [Curiel et al 2016], Peru [Ritter et al 2014], Portugal [Postolache et al 2014], Tanzania [Faustine et al 2014], Turkey [Tuna et al 2014], and the United States [Yang et al 2002;Seders et al 2007;Burke and Allenby 2014;Sun et al 2016]. Details of these systems are summarized in Tables VIII and IX. In addition to these implementations, researchers in China [Yang and Pan 2010;Chen et al 2011], India [Verma and Prachi 2012], the kingdom of Saudi Arabia [Aleisa 2013], and Zambia [Chaamwe 2010] describe the limitations of the current WQM practice adopted in their region, and they propose the idea and present the benefit of automating WQM through the adoption of WSN technologies.…”