Wireless-Powered Chemical Sensor by 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi Energy-Harvesting Metamaterial

Lee, Wonwoo; Jung, Yonghee; Jung, Hyunseung; Seo, Chulhun; Choo, Hosung; Lee, Ho-Jin

doi:10.3390/mi10010012

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Once completed the above steps, redo the steps till the clusters are joined with neighbor node. [13][14] Sometimes base station does not transmit HELLO packets to the sensor node, so it chosen itself as a secluded cluster head. After completing each round, CH compared with R E−D if the residual energy value is smaller, then the present cluster head handover all responsibilities to the Substitute Cluster Head (SCH).…”

Section: Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pareto Multi-objective Termite Colony Optimization Based EDT Clustering for Wireless Chemical Sensor Network

Joseph

Asaletha

2023

Wireless Pers Commun

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WCSN is one of the most important research areas in the terrestrial networking eld due to its wide range of applications. One of the most di cult challenges is expanding the overall running time without attaching any new batteries or hardware. Using a novel method called EDT (Energy, Distance, Time) driven strategy, this paper proposes a clustering algorithm to solve the problems of the hotspot as well as reduce battery energy loss. The CH rotation method was then described in detail. In this paper, will introduce a new function called SCH (Substitute cluster head), which has replaced CH. The main objectives of this research are to improve energy reliability and network lifetime. Finally, the presented EDT approach can be comparable to current algorithms, where LEACH's network lifetime is 15.4 %, DECSA's is 23.2 %, and NEAP's is 11.4 %, but our proposed EDT methodology extends network lifetime by 40% as well as decreases energy usage by 7% as compared to LEACH when determining the SCH.

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Section: Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pareto Multi-objective Termite Colony Optimization Based EDT Clustering for Wireless Chemical Sensor Network

Joseph

Asaletha

2023

Wireless Pers Commun

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“…Today, metamaterials have developed into a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive research direction, whose research field is no longer limited to the electromagnetic field, but expanded to acoustics [ 13 ], thermal science [ 24 ], quantum mechanics [ 25 ], informatics [ 26 ], biomedical [ 27 , 28 ], and other disciplines, forming an extremely wide coverage and far-reaching important discipline. Metamaterials provide a wide space for people to manipulate electromagnetic waves [ 13 ] and even acoustic and mechanical waves [ 29 ] freely with their super freedom of design, and further give rise to new electromagnetic applications such as perfect imaging [ 30 , 31 ], holographic imaging [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], electromagnetic black hole [ 37 ], metamaterial lenses [ 12 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ], and other EM designs with multiple functions [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Electromagnetic Manipulation: From Tunable to Programmable and Intelligent Metasurfaces

Luo

Hao

et al. 2021

Micromachines

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Looking back on the development of metamaterials in the past 20 years, metamaterials have gradually developed from three-dimensional complex electromagnetic structures to a two-dimensional metasurface with a low profile, during which a series of subversive achievements have been produced. The form of electromagnetic manipulation of the metasurface has evolved from passive to active tunable, programmable, and other dynamic and real-time controllable forms. In particular, the proposal of coding and programmable metasurfaces endows metasurfaces with new vitality. By describing metamaterials through binary code, the digital world and the physical world are connected, and the research of metasurfaces also steps into a new era of digitalization. However, the function switch of traditional programmable metamaterials cannot be achieved without human instruction and control. In order to achieve richer and more flexible function regulation and even higher level metasurface design, the intelligence of metamaterials is an important direction in its future development. In this paper, we review the development of tunable, programmable, and intelligent metasurfaces over the past 5 years, focusing on basic concepts, working principles, design methods, manufacturing, and experimental validation. Firstly, several manipulation modes of tunable metasurfaces are discussed; in particular, the metasurfaces based on temperature control, mechanical control, and electrical control are described in detail. It is demonstrated that the amplitude and phase responses can be flexibly manipulated by the tunable metasurfaces. Then, the concept, working principle, and design method of digital coding metasurfaces are briefly introduced. At the same time, we introduce the active programmable metasurfaces from the following aspects, such as structure, coding method, and three-dimensional far-field results, to show the excellent electromagnetic manipulation ability of programmable metasurfaces. Finally, the basic concepts and research status of intelligent metasurfaces are discussed in detail. Different from the previous programmable metamaterials, which must be controlled by human intervention, the new intelligent metamaterials control system will realize autonomous perception, autonomous decision-making, and even adaptive functional manipulation to a certain extent.

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“…Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is developing rapidly with the increasing requirements for applications such as smart home systems, health monitoring, electric vehicle charging, implantable electronic devices, and sensors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Delivering wireless energy makes these systems more compact and intuitive to users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extendable Array Rectenna for a Microwave Wireless Power Transfer System

et al. 2021

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A rectenna is adopted in a microwave-based wireless power transfer system to rectify the received RF to DC power. Each rectenna includes a DC-DC converter at the DC output port to ensure a stable power supply and a Schottky diode for the DC-combining network. The results demonstrate that the RF-DC conversion efficiencies of the rectifier circuit and 4 × 1 rectenna were 71% and 71.2% when the unit-cell RF input level was 19 dBm and 19.6 dBm. The DC output levels of a 4 × 8 rectenna with and without the DC-DC converter were 28 V and 30 V when the unit-cell RF input level was 20.2 dBm. The RF-DC conversion efficiency was measured as 52.6% and 59.9% with and without the DC-DC converter, respectively. The Schottky diode combined with the D-DC C converter at the DC output port exhibits an increase in the DC power combining level, making it suitable for an extendable array rectenna system.

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Wireless-Powered Chemical Sensor by 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi Energy-Harvesting Metamaterial

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Pareto Multi-objective Termite Colony Optimization Based EDT Clustering for Wireless Chemical Sensor Network

Pareto Multi-objective Termite Colony Optimization Based EDT Clustering for Wireless Chemical Sensor Network

Evolution of the Electromagnetic Manipulation: From Tunable to Programmable and Intelligent Metasurfaces

Extendable Array Rectenna for a Microwave Wireless Power Transfer System

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