Wipe-test and patch-test for alcohol misuse based on the concentration ratio of fatty acid ethyl esters and squalene CFAEE/CSQ in skin surface lipids

Pragst, F.; Auwärter, Volker; Kießling, B; Dyes, C

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.02.041

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…2. In agreement with previous investigations [8][9][10][11], ethyl palmitate and ethyl oleate are the dominant esters and also the mean ratio of the four esters (8:45:38:9) is very similar to previous results. But, there is a relative large variation of the ratios with deviations from the normal distribution showing that there are inter-individual differences in formation rate of the single esters.…”

Section: Faee Concentrations In 644 Hair Samplessupporting

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair and self-reported alcohol consumption in 644 cases from different origin

Süße¹,

Selavka

Mieczkowski

et al. 2010

Forensic Science International

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Section: Faee Concentrations In 644 Hair Samplessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…each hair root [8,9]. This steady deposition into the hair shaft leads to an accumulation with a characteristic concentration profile of FAEE, increasing from the proximal end to a maximum at about 6-10 cm and beyond that a decrease because of degradation and wash-out effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair and self-reported alcohol consumption in 644 cases from different origin

Süße¹,

Selavka

Mieczkowski

et al. 2010

Forensic Science International

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“…However, in the distal parts, the elimination by washing out, evaporation, and hydrolysis dominates. This explanation was supported by the detection of FAEE in sebum, 31 by an approximately 10-fold higher concentration in the external lipid layer on the hair surface, and by the proof of the topical formation and incorporation of FAEE after regular use of hair lotion containing high ethanol concentration (eg, 62.5%). 32 This way of incorporation of FAEE has three practical consequences: 1.…”

Section: Incorporation Into Hair Distribution In Hair Segments and mentioning

confidence: 85%

Determination of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE) and Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) in Hair: A Promising Way for Retrospective Detection of Alcohol Abuse During Pregnancy?

Pragst¹,

Yegles²

2008

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

141

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The retrospective detection of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is an important part of the diagnosis of the fetal alcohol syndrome. A promising way to solve this problem can be the determination of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) or/and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair of the mothers. In this article, the present state in analytical determination and interpretation of FAEE and EtG concentrations in hair are reviewed. Both FAEE and EtG are minor metabolites of ethanol and as direct alcohol markers very specific for alcohol. They are durably deposited in hair, which enables taking advantage of the long diagnostic time window of this sample material. In the last years, specific and sensitive methods for determination of both alcohol markers in hair were developed. Headspace solid phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy after hair extraction with an n-heptane/dimethylsulfoxide mixture proved to be a favorable technique for determination of four characteristic FAEE (ethyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl oleate, and ethyl stearate). EtG is extracted from hair by water and analyzed either by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy with negative chemical ionization after cleanup with solid phase extraction and derivatization with pentafluoropropionic anhydride or by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy-mass spectroscopy. The detection limits of the single FAEE as well as of EtG are in the range of 1 to 10 pg/mg. FAEE as well as EtG were determined in a larger number of hair samples of teetotalers, social drinkers, patients in alcohol withdrawal treatment, and death cases with previous known heavy drinking. From the results, the following criteria were derived: strict abstinence is excluded or improbable at C FAEE >0.2 ng/mg or C EtG >7 pg/mg. Moderate social drinkers should have C FAEE <0.5 ng/mg and C EtG <25 pg/mg; above these values, alcohol abuse is probable. Until now, there has been no evaluation in context of FAS diagnosis; however, a successful application for this purpose can be expected from the good experience in driving ability examination.

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“…Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), non-oxidative metabolites of ethanol, are currently used as biomarkers for direct ethanol consumption in different biological matrices including hair [1], blood [2], and skin surface lipids [3]. Elevated FAEEs in meconium, the infant's first bowel movement, has also been developed as a biomarker for the detection of heavy prenatal ethanol exposure [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other matrices, including hair and skin surface lipids, methods utilizing headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) to quantify FAEEs have been validated [1,3]. The advantages of HS-SPME compared to other methods include eliminating the need for organic solvents, automating the extraction to minimize sample preparation time, and obtaining clean extracts [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and quantification of fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium by headspace-solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Hutson

Aleksa

Pragst

et al. 2009

Journal of Chromatography B

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Wipe-test and patch-test for alcohol misuse based on the concentration ratio of fatty acid ethyl esters and squalene CFAEE/CSQ in skin surface lipids

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair and self-reported alcohol consumption in 644 cases from different origin

Fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair and self-reported alcohol consumption in 644 cases from different origin

Determination of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE) and Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) in Hair: A Promising Way for Retrospective Detection of Alcohol Abuse During Pregnancy?

Detection and quantification of fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium by headspace-solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

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