Fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair and self-reported alcohol consumption in 644 cases from different origin

Süße, Silke; Selavka, Carl M.; Mieczkowski, Tom; Pragst, F.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.029

Cited by 53 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…8 These findings are also consistent with a study 20 conducted in the emergency department of a university hospital in Germany that found the AUDIT to be superior in detecting alcohol abuse in comparison to biomarkers such as Gamma-Glutamyl-Transferase (GGT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Carbohydrate-Deficient-Transferrins (GGT). However, a study 16 conducted in Britain on parents with suspicious alcohol abuse in child protection cases that compared self-reported drinking data with FAEE showed that FAEE has a longer time period of detection than CDT and GCT and hence has increased sensitivity and specificity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For successful analysis of hair samples, it is recommended that the hair strand be at least 3-6 cm long. 16 Furthermore, the cost of doing both urine and hair assays was very high in comparison with self-report measures. Hair assays cost approximately R1 593 ($212) per participant and the urine test cost R1 180 ($157) per participant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, hair testing is considered the gold standard of biomarkers and has been shown to have higher levels of sensitivity and specificity for alcohol/drug detection than blood and urine tests. 16 Thirdly, we were interested in qualitatively assessing the feasibility and cultural acceptability of collecting hair samples in this community.…”

Section: Study Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Analysis of these metabolites in hair and urine can be conducted with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify and quantify markers indicative of alcohol consumption. 15,16 The analysis of urine for drug detection also uses the GC/MS technique and the HPLC/MS/MS technique can be used for detecting drugs in hair. 16 This pilot study aimed to assess the relative utility of the AUDIT and DUDIT screening too ls compared with selected biomarkers for alcohol and drug use disorders in HIV clinics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16 The analysis of urine for drug detection also uses the GC/MS technique and the HPLC/MS/MS technique can be used for detecting drugs in hair. 16 This pilot study aimed to assess the relative utility of the AUDIT and DUDIT screening too ls compared with selected biomarkers for alcohol and drug use disorders in HIV clinics. Specific objectives included: (i) evaluating whether the use of validated questionnaires [AUDIT and DUDIT] provide useful and consistent information when compared with biomarkers of alcohol and drug consumption in urine (drugs) and hair (alcohol and drugs) and (ii) assessing the feasibility (cost and practicality) of using selfreport measures compared with urine and hair tests in HIV clinic populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A preliminary investigation of the AUDIT and DUDIT in comparison to biomarkers for alcohol and drug use among HIV-infected clinic attendees in Cape Town, South Africa

Kader¹,

Seedat²,

Koch³

et al. 2012

Afr. J. Psych

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Objective: There is growing concern about the effect of substance use on HIV treatment outcomes. The study objectives included: (i) evaluating whether the use of validated questionnaires (AUDIT and DUDIT) provide useful and consistent information of alcohol and drug consumption when compared with the use of biomarkers of alcohol in (urine and hair) and drugs in (urine) and (ii) assessing the feasibility of using self-report measures compared with urine and hair tests. Method: Participants were HIV positive patients attending an HIV community health clinic in Kraaifontein, Cape Town. Hair and urine samples were collected and analysed for alcohol, in Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE) and in Ethyl Glucuronide and (EtG), and drugs. Biological markers were compared with self-report measures of alcohol and drug consumption in terms of sensitivity, specificity. Forty-three participants completed the self-report measures, while 30 provided hair and urine samples. Results: On the AUDIT, 18 (41.9%) participants screened positive for harmful and hazardous drinking and 13 (30.2%) participants on the DUDIT screened positive for having a drug-related problem. Two of 30 participants (7%) tested positive for alcohol abuse on FAEE analysis. For EtG, 6 of 24 (25%) participants tested positive for alcohol abuse. On hair drug analysis, all 30 participants tested negative for cannabis, amphetamines, opiates, cocaine, PCP and methaqualone. On the urinalysis, 1of 30 participants tested positive for cannabis and everyone tested negative for all other drugs included in the screening. Conclusion: Substance use among patients attending HIV clinics appears to be a problem, especially alcohol. Self-report measures seem to be a more cost effective option for screening of alcohol and drug abuse in resource poor settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A preliminary investigation of the AUDIT and DUDIT in comparison to biomarkers for alcohol and drug use among HIV-infected clinic attendees in Cape Town, South Africa

Kader¹,

Seedat²,

Koch³

et al. 2012

Afr. J. Psych

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Alcohol: Its Role in Nutrition and Health

Suter

2012

Present Knowledge in Nutrition

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In view of the importance of alcoholic beverages in daily life as well as its absolute priority in metabolism, alcohol has considerable potential to affect the nutritional status and metabolism of all essential nutrients including the different energy sources. In view of the great variability among alcohol drinkers in patterns of drinking, amounts ingested, ingestion of other nutrients, metabolic characteristics, genetic factors, and lifestyle characteristics (such as exercise or smoking behavior), the effects of alcohol on nutritional status and disease risk are very heterogeneous. Alcohol -associated malnutrition includes both primary and secondary malnutrition. Because of the comparatively high energy content of alcohol, it displaces other energy sources and thus many essential nutrients in the diet, thereby lowering the intake of most nutrients (primary malnutrition). Gastrointestinal and metabolic complications of heavy alcohol intake (especially liver dysfunction) lead to so -called secondary malnutrition. Anorexia and vomiting from alcoholic gastritis further promote inadequate intakes of food. Malabsorption of nearly all nutrients can develop as a result of mucosal dysfunction, liver insuffi ciency, and pancreatic insuffi ciency. Alcoholic liver dysfunction causes a reduced capacity to transport nutrients in the blood, a reduced storage capacity, and an insuffi cient activation of nutrients such as vitamins. In addition, alcohol increases the excretion of nutrients in the urine and bile. In alcoholic patients, several mechanisms for the development of malnutrition usually occur simultaneously.The effect of alcohol on morbidity and mortality is biphasic, and the relationship is J -shaped: low levels of ingestion are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality risks, whereas abstinence and higher levels of ingestion are associated with a higher mortality risk due to different cancers, alcoholic liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmias, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and stroke. The reduced mortality risk at lower intakes is explained by the risk of coronary artery disease and a reduced risk of ischemic stroke. The amount of alcohol ingestion at the nadir of mortality risk is not known and varies from study to study and from one individual to another. The hallmark of excessive alcohol intake is metabolic and structural alterations at the level of the liver, and liver cirrhosis is the leading cause of death in heavy drinkers.Often, both positive and negative effects occur. In view of the heterogeneity of responses for any given alcohol dose, the formulation of public health recommendations for safe consumption levels is becoming increasingly diffi cult. In any case, alcohol should not be recommended for health reasons or for health maintenance, especially as long as there are no specifi c, sensitive predictors for harmful alcohol use and abuse. In the setting of an overall healthy lifestyle with respect to nutrition and physical activity, light to moderate alcohol consumptio...

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Determination of ethyl glucuronide and fatty acid ethyl esters in hair samples

Oppolzer

Barroso

Passarinha

et al. 2016

Biomedical Chromatography

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Hair testing for alcohol biomarkers is an important tool for monitoring alcohol consumption. We propose two methods for assessing alcohol exposure through combined analysis of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) species (ethyl myristate, palmitate, stearate and oleate) in hair (30 mg). EtG was analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, while FAEEs were analysed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using electron impact ionization. Both methods were validated according to internationally accepted guidelines. Linearity was proven between 3 and 500 pg/mg for EtG and 30-5000 pg/mg for FAEEs, and the limits of quantification were 3 pg/mg for EtG and 30 pg/mg for each of the four FAEEs. Precision and accuracy were considered adequate, processed EtG samples were found to be stable for up to 96 h left in the injector and processed FAEEs samples for up to 24 h. Matrix effects were not significant. Both methods were applied to the analysis of 15 authentic samples, using the cut-off values proposed by the Society of Hair Testing for interpretation. The results agreed well with the self-reported alcohol consumption in most cases, and demonstrated the suitability of the methods to be applied in routine analysis of alcohol biomarkers, allowing monitoring consumption using low sample amounts.

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Fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair and self-reported alcohol consumption in 644 cases from different origin

Cited by 53 publications

References 21 publications

A preliminary investigation of the AUDIT and DUDIT in comparison to biomarkers for alcohol and drug use among HIV-infected clinic attendees in Cape Town, South Africa

A preliminary investigation of the AUDIT and DUDIT in comparison to biomarkers for alcohol and drug use among HIV-infected clinic attendees in Cape Town, South Africa

Alcohol: Its Role in Nutrition and Health

Determination of ethyl glucuronide and fatty acid ethyl esters in hair samples

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