No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

This article reports on the comparison of self-reported cocaine use with urinalysis outcomes and radioimmunoassay of hair samples for cocaine. The data is based on a voluntary sample of approximately 300 arrestees, tested and interviewed anonymously. The study reports high rates of request compliance for both urine and hair samples, and affirms a relatively high degree of underreporting of cocaine use. Radioimmunoassay of hair appears to detect considerably larger degrees of cocaine use than are detected by urinalysis. The differential rates of detection between hair and urine are less dramatic in subjects who appear to be high rate users.

No abstract

This paper reports select findings of a research project designed to estimate drug use prevalence in a youthful offender population using hair analysis as well as urine testing and interviewing. The project was carried out in Cleveland, Ohio, and Pinellas County, Florida. The findings are consistent with earlier reports on prevalence estimations utilizing a bioassay component. Generally, respondents report drug use infrequently and test positive by assays at rates greater than self-reported use. Urinalysis indicates more drug prevalence than does interview. Hair assays, which have a greater retrospective time window, show even more prevalence than does urine testing. The project affirms results reported in 1994 by Feucht, Stephens, and Walker.

This study examines what factors may distinguish injury from death in sexual crimes. We suggest that victim characteristics may work in conjunction with the crime context to enhance or reduce a fatal outcome once a sexual assault is underway. Based on a sample of 201 sex offenders who either physically injured or killed their victim, we calculate risk estimations of lethal and injurious outcomes for various conjunctions of victim characteristics and contextual aspects of the crime event. One of the most interesting findings is the apparent protective effects of a victim's criminogenic environment, which consistently appears to decrease the probability of a fatal outcome.

The author examines the role of women in various crack sales venues. He reports basic sociodemographic data on women crack sellers derived from a convenience sample obtained in Detroit, Michigan. He also reports various descriptive experiences of these women and develops a series of role typologies that characterize the various experiences of the subjects. The article also describes a variety of role type transitions experienced over time by the subjects. Finally, he examines various coping strategies employed by the subjects in dealing with the challenges and dangers that are an aspect of drug selling, and contrasts these strategies with male crack sellers.