Westernized and Diverse Dietary Patterns Are Associated With Overweight-Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Mexican Adult Men

Abstract

IntroductionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican adults is very high. To identify the dietary characteristics related with this disorder is necessary to design intervention. The objective was to analyze the association between dietary patterns and obesity in Mexican adults.Materials and MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study carried out in Mexican adults (20–59 years old) participating in the Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016. Participants (n = 5,735) were classified as having normal weight, overweight-obesity and by their abdominal circumference as having abdominal obesity or not. With information from a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, we used a K-means cluster analysis to derive dietary patterns and calculated a healthy diet indicator to evaluate quality. The association between dietary patterns and overweight-obesity and abdominal obesity was assessed with Poisson regression models adjusted by some characteristics.ResultsWe identified a Rural pattern characterized by tortilla, legumes and egg consumption; a Diverse pattern, characterized by fruits, meat and poultry, vegetables, and dairy beverages, and desserts; and a Westernized pattern, characterized by sweetened non-dairy beverages, fast food, bakery and cookies, candies and salty snacks. In men, Westernized pattern was associated with overweight-obesity (PR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.97–1.27), and abdominal obesity (PR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.00–1.33), the Diverse pattern was associated with overweight-obesity (PR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.00–1.38), and abdominal obesity (PR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.07–1.50), compared with the Rural pattern. In women, these dietary patterns were not associated with obesity.DiscussionWesternized and Diverse patterns are associated with overweight and obesity and abdominal obesity in men. Gender-specific recommendations and surveillance are necessary in the Mexican adult population.

Changes in Weight-Related Outcomes Among Adolescents Following Consumer Price Increases of Taxed Sugar-Sweetened Beverages

“…Price increases were smaller in markets facing more competition in retail and ranged from less than 5% to more than 15%. 15 During this time, SSB purchases declined by about 8% on average, 13,[16][17][18][19][20] and by about 11% among households with adolescents, 20 who consume the most SSBs of all age categories in both Mexico and the US, [21][22][23] and among whom nearly one-fifth have obesity. 24,25 However, 7 years after the SSB tax was enacted in Mexico, evidence on whether the observed SSB price changes have influenced adolescent weight outcomes is scarce.…”

Jordan’s Population-Based Food Consumption Survey: Protocol for Design and Development

“…The prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and several forms of cancer has increased globally, as has obesity and overweight, and these trends have been linked to each other [ 1 ]. One of the major modifiable risk factors for obesity and NCDs is dietary patterns [ 2 ] and nutrient intake [ 3 - 6 ]. There has been a global movement in diet quality and nutrient intake toward a more Westernized pattern, which is characterized by a diet that is higher in added sugar, processed foods, fast food, and saturated fat while consuming fewer fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and fiber-rich foods [ 2 , 6 , 7 ].…”

“…One of the major modifiable risk factors for obesity and NCDs is dietary patterns [ 2 ] and nutrient intake [ 3 - 6 ]. There has been a global movement in diet quality and nutrient intake toward a more Westernized pattern, which is characterized by a diet that is higher in added sugar, processed foods, fast food, and saturated fat while consuming fewer fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and fiber-rich foods [ 2 , 6 , 7 ]. This shift has been linked to the prevalence of obesity and NCDs being studied widely.…”

“…Numerous researchers have looked into the relationship between dietary habits and obesity. Thus, food consumption surveys are conducted worldwide [ 6 , 8 ].…”

Jordan’s Population-Based Food Consumption Survey: Protocol for Design and Development (Preprint)

“…The prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and several forms of cancer has increased globally, as has obesity and overweight, and these trends have been linked to each other [1]. One of the major modifiable risk factors for obesity and NCDs is dietary patterns [2] and nutrient intake [3][4][5][6]. There has been a global movement in diet quality and nutrient intake toward a more Westernized pattern, which is characterized by a diet that is higher in added sugar, processed foods, fast food, and saturated fat while consuming fewer fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and fiber-rich foods [2,6,7].…”