Wavelength Add–Drop Node Using Silica Waveguide Integration

Optical MEMS for Lightwave Communication

“…Planar lightwave circuits (PLC), on the other hand, allow many WDM functions to be monolithically integrated on a chip. For example, 2 × 2 WSXC with 16 wavelength channels [150] and 1 × 9 WSS with eight channels and 200-GHz spacing [151] have been reported using thermal optic switches. The main drawback of thermal optic switch is high power consumption and slower switching time.…”

“…Thermal optically switched PLC has been widely researched. Examples include 16 × 16 [196] and 1 × 128 [197] matrix switches, 2 × 2 WSXC with 16 wavelength channels [150], and 1 × 9 WSS with eight channels and 200-GHz spacing [151]. Switches using microfluidic actuation have also been employed to change TIR conditions in arrays of intersecting waveguides.…”

Planar lightwave circuits in fiber-optic communications

“…There are many different types. This 1 Â 9 WSS PLC, along with a band de/multiplexer PLC, were developed to create a modular 80-channel ROADM, shown in Figure 9.55 [73]. The most common deployed type is a 1 Â K WSS.…”

Demonstration of a hitless bypass switch using nanomechanical perturbation for high-bitrate transparent networks

“…This can be achieved with reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs) [7][8][9]. The present challenge involving such OADMs is that their reconfiguration to reroute a different wavelength must take a finite time [10][11][12][13], which is typically in the range of microseconds to even milliseconds. During this reconfiguration time, undesired wavelengths get rerouted if they are in the same channel as the OADMs.…”