Water flow in different directions in Corymbia citriodora wood

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the free and bound water flows in the different axes of Corymbia citriodora wood during drying. Wood samples were taken from the inner and outer regions of the tree stem from sevenyears-old experimental plantations. The blocks were prepared for the water flow to occur in each wood axis and they were dried up to the final moisture content of 12%. Free water (FWFR), bound water (BWFR) and total water (TWFR) flow rates were calculated. The relationship between loss of moisture content and time presented an exponential curve, especially in the radial and tangential wood axes. Water flow in the three wood directions presented higher FWFR than TWFR (which was higher than BWFR). Free water flow was ~10 times higher than adsorbed water flow, considering values for moisture content between ~80% to ~12%. Free water movement in the longitudinal direction of the wood was ~2 times greater than in the radial axis and ~3 times greater than in the tangential axis. Bound water movement in the longitudinal direction of the wood was ~2 times greater than in the transverse direction. Bound water flow in the radial axis of the wood was statistically equal to the one in the tangential axis. The results indicate that the intensity of free and bound water flows changes according to the direction of Corymbia citriodora wood.

Permeability of Parkia gigantocarpa as affected by wood anatomy

“…This effect may explain the low values of liquid permeability. On the other hand, studies with other methodologies presented water movement in the longitudinal direction twice greater than in the radial direction and three times greater than in the tangential direction (Monteiro et al 2020). In addition, Tanaka et al (2010) used the permeameter apparatus and ultrasonic treatment, and they also found higher values in the radial direction when compared to the tangential direction on Douglas-fir wood permeability.…”

“…This property is influenced by the material porosity, occlusion degree of the spaces where the fluid flows, diameter of empty spaces, fluid viscosity, and the interaction of fluid with the vessel wall of the material (Siau 1984;Jinman et al 1991;Silva et al 2010;Ahmed and Chun 2011;Sjökvist et al 2020). In addition to the effect of these characteristics, the following can modify the permeability of wood: sample size (Bramhall 1971), direction of the air or liquid flow in the sample (Ahmed and Chun 2011;Monteiro et al 2020), microwaves treatment (Nasswettrová et al 2014), bio-treatment by wood-decaying fungi (Schwarze and Schuber 2011;Emaminasab et al 2015), and changes in the temperature of the heat treatment (Jang and Kang 2019).…”

Enraizamento in vitro e aclimatização de plântulas de Corymbia citriodora

“…Dentre as espécies, destaca-se Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. Johnson, cuja madeira é usada principalmente nas indústrias de energia, carvão vegetal e madeira serrada (Monteiro et al, 2020). Além disso, é fonte de produtos florestais não madeireiros, incluindo mel e óleo essencial de suas folhas (Lin et al, 2017).…”

Effect of Samples Length on the Characteristics of Moisture Transfer and Shrinkage of Eucalyptus urophylla Wood during Conventional Drying

“…Diffusion of water in wood is affected by anatomical structure, MC, and diffusion direction. The moisture transfer in wood in the longitudinal direction is the highest, followed by the radial direction, and is the lowest in the tangential direction [30][31][32][33]. For hardwood species, anatomical structure such as vessels, rays, and pits also influence the movement of water [34,35].…”