Volatile Constituents of the Leaves, Fruits and Flowers of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Maia, José Guilherme S.; Andrade, Eloísa Helena A.; Zoghbi, Maria das Graças B.

doi:10.1006/jfca.2000.0894

Cited by 68 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…The plant is mainly found along the coast of the northeastern states [1] [2] and is of great economic and medicinal value [3]. The main ethnopharmacological applications of the species include the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases and pain conditions, such as venereal diseases, skin diseases, diarrhea, stomatitis, aphthae, bronchitis, intestinal cramps, muscle weakness, diabetes, tooth pain, weakness, inflammation, psoriasis, and cough [4]- [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> L. Flowers in Comparison to Bark and Leaves Extracts

Silva¹,

Libério²,

Amaral³

et al. 2016

JBM

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Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, is frequently used to treat infections. We evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from aerial parts of the plant in comparison with the extract prepared with the flowers. Ethanol extracts of the leaves (EEL), stem bark (EEB), and flowers (EEF) were prepared separately. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion and broth dilution methods. The minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations were determined against: Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella choleraesuis, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated based on their scavenger capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle. The phytochemical profile was analyzed by colorimetric methods and by HPLC with UV detection. All extracts exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Although, the EEF was the most effective since it inhibited the growth of all 14 microorganisms tested. Anacardic and galic acids were identified in all extracts as well phenolic compounds, triterpenes, flavones and xanthones. In conclusion, the extracts obtained from the aerial parts of A. occidentale, mainly the extract of flowers that was the most effective, are rich in bioactive metabolites that exert a potent antioxidant and antimicrobial effect. Taken together, the results indicate an important biotechnological potential of A. occidentale as a * Corresponding author. R. A. da Silva et al. 88source of compounds with broad-spectrum antimicrobial and of antioxidant activity to be used in the food and cosmetics industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have described the antimicrobial activity of different parts of A. occidentale, such as the fruits [3] [10]- [15], stem bark [16]- [25], leaves [16]- [29] and gum [30] [31], but there are no reports of similar activity in the flowers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> L. Flowers in Comparison to Bark and Leaves Extracts

Silva¹,

Libério²,

Amaral³

et al. 2016

JBM

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“…In the phytochemical analysis of cashew leaves, it is reported that it has (E) -β-ocimene, α-copaene and δ-cadienol; while the fruits contain palmitic, oleic acids, furfural, 4-hydroxydodecanoic acid, lactone, (E) -hexenal, (Z) -hex-3-enol and haxadecanol (Maia et al, 2000). Cashew is rich in anacardic acid, cardanol and cardol along with other alkyl phenolic compounds (Trevisan et al, 2006).…”

Section: A Occidentale and Its Biological Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale)

Leite¹,

Islam²,

Junior³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Anacardium occidentale L. is a tree native to Brazil, which is rich in phenolic lipids. Nowadays, the cashew bark (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid) has received great attention in the pharmaceutical industry, due to its economy, abundance and important chemical compounds. Net of cashew nut shell is classified according to the method of production of: (1) net of the shell of natural cashew nut (60-65% anacardic acid; 15-20% cardol and 10% of cardanol) and (2) liquid from the technical cashew nut shell (60-65% of cardanol, 15-20% cardol and 10% of polymeric material). This work aims to report the pharmacological properties of liquids from cashew nut shells. Results suggest that both liquids have antifungal, antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-tumor, antiulcerogenic, molluscicides, antimutagenic and antioxidant activities. Natural cashew nut liquid is non-genotoxic, whereas technical liquid is genotoxic in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, although there is no evidence of their mutagenic effects on eukaryotic cells. In conclusion, the excellent antioxidant and non-mutagenic activities of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) provide opportunities for CNSL in the cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical industries, but continuous study is needed to allow safe and efficacious preparations.

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“…Trata-se de uma árvore popular na América do Sul, sendo especialmente encontrada nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, representando neste último, grande importância econômica, sendo responsável pela geração de emprego, renda e impostos, em decorrência dos produtos industrializados oriundos do seu fruto e pseudofruto, principalmente para os Estados do Ceará, Piauí e Rio Grande do Norte 3,16,17,18,22 . O verdadeiro fruto do cajueiro é a castanha de caju que apresenta grande valor comercial tanto no Brasil como no exterior.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Alterações químicas e físico-químicas no processamento de suco de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Sancho¹,

Maia²,

Figueiredo³

et al. 2007

Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment.

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*A quem a correspondência deve ser enviada ResumoO presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as alterações físico-químicas do suco de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.) com alto teor de polpa, em diferentes etapas do seu processamento industrial. Observou-se que a acidez e o teor de ácido ascórbico do suco diminuíram progressivamente com o processamento industrial, exibindo os menores teores na etapa de pasteurização. Os teores de ácido fólico apresentaram comportamento diferenciado, apresentando os maiores teores na etapa de homogeneização do suco. Os valores de açúcares redutores, não-redutores e totais, assim como o pH, se mantiveram constantes. Palavras-chave: Anacardium occidentale L.; caracterização físico-química; valor nutritivo; processamento industrial. AbstractThis work aimed to study the physicochemical changes occurring in cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) juice with high pulp content in various stages of the industrial process. The acidity and ascorbic acid contents were found to decrease progressively along the process, presenting their lowest values in the pasteurization stage. Folic acid content was highest in the juice homogenizing stage. Reducing and nonreducing sugars, as well as pH values remained constant throughout the process. Keywords: Anacardium occidentale L.; physicochemical characterization; nutritional value; industrial processing.Alterações químicas e físico-químicas no processamento de suco de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.) , o Brasil é pioneiro e lí-der no aproveitamento de pedúnculo do caju, sendo o Estado do Ceará responsável por metade de toda a área de cajueiros nativos do Brasil -cerca de 364 mil hectares. A utilização do pedúnculo do caju é considerada como uma boa fonte de renda, além de apresentar várias opções tecnológicas de industrialização, principalmente quando aproveitado na elaboração de sucos, doces, refrigerantes, vinhos, polpas e outros produtos alimentícios e no consumo in natura, sendo bastante consumido nos mercados interno e externo 1,3,4,5,22 . Physicochemical changes in cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) Juice processingA demanda por alimentos mais saudáveis tem aumentado continuamente por parte dos consumidores, o que contribui para o crescente consumo de suco de frutas observado nos últimos anos. O segmento de sucos é considerado da maior importância na industrialização do pedúnculo de caju, com grande potencial no mercado nacional e internacional. Vale ressaltar que o suco de caju é o segundo suco de fruta mais consumido no Brasil 8,11,25 .De acordo com CIANCI et al. 9, o mercado interno consome em torno de 40 mil toneladas de suco de caju, o que ainda é muito pouco em relação à produção e à ampliação do mercado exportador, que depende de fatores como a melhoria tecnológica dos processos industriais, além de uma política mercadológica adequada.A legislação brasileira define o suco de caju com alto teor de polpa como a bebida não fermentada e não diluída, obtida da parte comestível do pedúnculo do caju (Anacardium occidentale L.), atra...

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Volatile Constituents of the Leaves, Fruits and Flowers of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Cited by 68 publications

References 1 publication

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> L. Flowers in Comparison to Bark and Leaves Extracts

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> L. Flowers in Comparison to Bark and Leaves Extracts

Pharmacological properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale)

Alterações químicas e físico-químicas no processamento de suco de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.)

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Volatile Constituents of the Leaves, Fruits and Flowers of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Cited by 68 publications

References 1 publication

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of &lt;i&gt;Anacardium occidentale&lt;/i&gt; L. Flowers in Comparison to Bark and Leaves Extracts

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of &lt;i&gt;Anacardium occidentale&lt;/i&gt; L. Flowers in Comparison to Bark and Leaves Extracts

Pharmacological properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale)

Alterações químicas e físico-químicas no processamento de suco de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> L. Flowers in Comparison to Bark and Leaves Extracts

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> L. Flowers in Comparison to Bark and Leaves Extracts