Visceral leishmaniasis: the first indigenous case report in Thailand

Thisyakorn, Usa; Jongwutiwes, Somchai; Vanichsetakul, Preeda; Lertsapcharoen, Pornthep

doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90166-9

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…1 Since 1996, sporadic indigenous cases of leishmaniasis were reported in 1996, 2005, and 2007. [2][3][4] In 2008, a new causative species of autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis Leishmania siamensis was described for the first time by Sukmee and others. 5 From then on, more than 10 cases of autochthonous leishmaniasis caused by L. siamensis have been occasionally reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated Autochthonous Dermal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania siamensis (PCM2 Trang) in a Patient from Central Thailand Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Supsrisunjai

Kootiratrakarn

Puangpet

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Several case reports of autochthonous leishmaniasis in Thailand have been published since 1996. Most of the previous cases presented with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and were mostly reported in southern part of Thailand. Recently, it has been evident that Leishmania martiniquensis is the main cause of Leishmania infection in Thailand. However, Leishmania siamensis (PCM2 Trang isolate) was found to be of a separate lineage with restricted distribution in southern Thailand and also a cause of disseminated dermal and visceral leishmaniasis in one published case. Here we report the first patient from central Thailand with human immunodeficiency virus infection presenting with disseminated dermal leishmaniasis. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing analysis (large subunit of RNA polymerase II and 18S ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer 1) from the tissue biopsy sample revealed the pathogen sequences to be highly homologous to PCM2 Trang strain previously reported from southern Thailand.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated Autochthonous Dermal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania siamensis (PCM2 Trang) in a Patient from Central Thailand Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Supsrisunjai

Kootiratrakarn

Puangpet

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…4 Reports of imported or indigenous leishmaniasis in Thailand are scarce and even rarer in HIV-infected patients, with only one case report. [5][6][7][8][9] Leishmaniasis is recently of increasing concern, because it is one of the potential opportunistic infections of the estimated 370,000 people living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Thailand. 10 Distinguishing leishmaniasis in tissue sections from the disseminated infections of Histoplasma capsulutum and Penicillium manefeii, the more common opportunistic infections in this patient group, can be difficult because of the disappearance of leishmaniascontaining macrophages in the late stage of CL, unusual sites of parasitic presentation or multiple opportunistic infections besides VL among HIV patients, and escape of amastigotes from necrotic tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consecutive Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis Manifestations Involving a Novel Leishmania Species in Two HIV Patients in Thailand

Chusri¹,

Hortiwakul²,

Silpapojakul³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Leishmaniasis is an emerging disease in Thailand. Herein, we report on two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with leishmaniasis who presented with overlapping manifestations between cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Sequencing analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of the ribosomal RNA gene showed that the species was identical to a new species recently described in Thailand. The detection of DNA of this Leishmania species in saliva may have important implications for transmission and epidemiological studies.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, there have seen five autochthonous cases of leishmaniasis (including our patient) in Thailand ( Table 1 ). [6][7][8][9] However, there are All patients had visceral leishmaniasis, and lived in all parts of the country except for Northeast Thailand. All were males except one 2-year-old girl, and had no HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, there have seen five autochthonous cases of leishmaniasis (including our patient) in Thailand ( Table 1 ). [6][7][8][9] However, there are The phylogenetic tree of the ITS1 sequence of the rRNA gene from our patient is situated as a sister taxon of the clade of Leishmania brasiliensis and Leishmania guyanensis , which are the causative agents of New World visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. …”

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confidence: 99%

“…4,5 The first reported indigenous patient with leishmaniasis was a 3-year-old girl living at Suratthani Province of southern Thailand in 1996. 6 Several autochthonous cases with leishmaniasis were recently seen in northern, central, and southern Thailand. [7][8][9] Interestingly, these patients were from provinces where a potential sandfly vector has never been reported.…”

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Autochthonous Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Patient: The First in Thailand and Review of the Literature

Suankratay¹,

Suwanpimolkul²,

Wilde³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We report a case of visceral leishmaniasis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected 37-year-old Thai fisherman who presented with nephritonephrotic syndrome, fever, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy revealed many amastigotes within macrophages. Kidney biopsy showed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene in blood and kidney biopsy specimens showed Leishmania species previously described in a Thai patient with visceral leishmaniasis. Only four autochthonous cases of leishmaniasis have been reported in Thailand since 1996. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in an HIV-infected Thai. With an increasing number of patients with autochthonous leishmaniasis in association with the presence of potential vector, it remains to be determined whether this vector-borne disease will become an emerging infectious disease in Thailand.Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infection caused by an obligate intracellular protozoon, Leishmania sp., which is transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies.1-3 It occurs worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions including the Middle East, India, China, Africa, and southern and central America. Thailand is not a known endemic area for leishmaniasis. Most imported cases were reported between 1960 and 1986 in Thai workers returning from the Middle East. 4,5 The first reported indigenous patient with leishmaniasis was a 3-year-old girl living at Suratthani Province of southern Thailand in 1996.6 Several autochthonous cases with leishmaniasis were recently seen in northern, central, and southern Thailand.7-9 Interestingly, these patients were from provinces where a potential sandfly vector has never been reported. [10][11][12] We describe the first report of visceral leishmaniasis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient and review all previous reports of autochthonous cases of leishmaniasis in Thailand. CASE REPORTA 37-year-old Thai fisherman with known HIV infection presented with progressive leg edema, ascites, and low-grade fever of 8 weeks duration. Seven weeks prior to admission (PTA), he was hospitalized at Chantaburi Provincial Hospital with a diagnosis of nephritonephrotic syndrome (hypertension, edema, heavy proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, azotemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia). He was treated with prednisolone 50 mg/day. Two weeks PTA, he had not improved and developed thrombocytopenia (platelet count of 85,000/µL) and anemia (hematocrit decreased from 29% to 23.4%). Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were performed and revealed decreased cellularity and many "yeast-like" organisms 1-2 µM in size. Fungal cultures of both specimens did not grow any fungi. He was then transferred to King Chulalonkorn Memorial Hospital in Bangkok for further evaluation. The patient was born at Chantaburi, eastern Thailand. He had never been outside...

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Visceral leishmaniasis: the first indigenous case report in Thailand

Cited by 37 publications

References 2 publications

Disseminated Autochthonous Dermal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania siamensis (PCM2 Trang) in a Patient from Central Thailand Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Disseminated Autochthonous Dermal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania siamensis (PCM2 Trang) in a Patient from Central Thailand Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Consecutive Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis Manifestations Involving a Novel Leishmania Species in Two HIV Patients in Thailand

Autochthonous Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Patient: The First in Thailand and Review of the Literature

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