Vapor-Phase Nitration of Benzene Over Polyorganosiloxanes Bearing Sulfo Groups

Suzuki, Sohei; Tohmori, K.; Ono, Yoshio

doi:10.1246/cl.1986.747

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In another study carried out by Carlier et al (1991Carlier et al ( /1992a, silica gel has been grafted with trialkoxysilane coupling agents carrying either a γ-propylthiol or a γ-propylamine group. Suzuki et al (1986) have increased the capacity of silica-based catalyst by using a sol-gel process using Si(OEt) 2 and a functional silane, to form a silica network. Challa (1983) used the initiator route (with an azothioaryl compound) to fix vinylpyridine copolymers that are able to act as ligands for copper catalysts for the oxidative coupling of phenols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetalization of Formaldehyde with Methanol in Batch and Continuous Reactive Distillation Columns

Kolah

Mahajani

Sharma

1996

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Methylal, an important raw material and a solvent, is produced by acetalization of aqueous formaldehyde with methanol. This acetalization reaction was carried out in a closed system in the presence of a cation-exchange resin Indion 130 as catalyst and was found to be equilibrium limited. In order to increase the conversion for this reaction, reactive distillation was carried. Batch reactive distillation was performed in the presence of the cation-exchange resin Indion 130 as catalyst. Continuous reactive distillation was performed in a reactive distillation column (RDC) using three different types of catalyst packing. The first type of catalyst packing was coarse size macroporous cation-exchange resin Indion 130, which was directly packed along with Raschig rings. The second type of catalyst packing was Indion 130 tied in cloth bags. The third type of catalyst packing used was a silica-supported organic catalyst. Up to 99% conversion of formaldehyde was achieved by reactive distillation. Vapor−liquid equilibrium data for the quaternary system formaldehyde−methanol−methylal−water were experimentally obtained and correlated by the UNIFAC method. On the basis of the experimental results of the single-feed continuous reactive distillation column, preliminary modeling has been performed for the calculations of the minimum reflux ratio and the number of reactive equilibrium stages in the column used for synthesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetalization of Formaldehyde with Methanol in Batch and Continuous Reactive Distillation Columns

Kolah

Mahajani

Sharma

1996

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Vapor phase nitration of benzene to nitrobenzene over solid acid catalysts is expected to be a clean process without sulfuric acid waste, in contrast to the conventional liquid phase process which uses a mixed acid (concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid) as a nitrating agent and is accompanied with a large amount of dilute sulfuric acid waste. Many efforts devoted to developing a vapor phase process have been unsuccessful, because either the activity or life of catalysts was not satisfactory [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitration of Benzene Using Mixed Oxide Catalysts

Mane¹,

Lalaso²,

Waghmode³

et al. 2014

IOSRJAC

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Vapor phase nitration of benzene has been carried out, using dilute nitric acid as the nitrating agent, over Fe/Mo/SiO 2 solid acid catalyst with more than 80% benzene conversion and 99% selectivity for mononitrobenzene. A series of Fe/Mo/SiO 2 catalysts with various compositions were prepared using a sol-gel technique and characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), BET specific surface area analysis, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia, and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of adsorbed pyridine. The results are correlated with structure and acidity of the catalysts.

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“…Vapor phase nitration of benzene over solid acid catalysts has been tried by Suzuki et al, 2 however the yield of nitrobenzene was low. Kuznetsova et al 3 have studied vapor phase nitration of benzene using 56% nitric acid over H-ZSM-5 at 140-170 uC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%