Silica-supported benzenesulfonic acid has a high catalyst activity for the title reaction. A nitrobenzene yield on benzene basis and on nitrogen dioxide basis attained to 93% and 70%, respectively, at 443 K under partial pressures of benzene and nitrogen dioxide of 9.3 kPa and 19 kPa, respectively.
Polyorganosiloxanes with sulfo groups have the high catalytic activity for vapor-phase nitration of benzene. The polysiloxane with sulfophenyl groups showed the highest activity. The reaction rate depended greatly on the partial pressures of both benzene and nitrogen dioxide. The nitrobenzene yield of 80% was obtained at 443 K under the partial pressures of benzene and nitrogen dioxide of 20 and 40 kPa, respectively.
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