Validation of Generic Models for Variable Speed Operation Wind Turbines Following the Recent Guidelines Issued by IEC 61400-27

Abstract

Considerable efforts are currently being made by several international working groups focused on the development of generic, also known as simplified or standard, wind turbine models for power system stability studies. In this sense, the first edition of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400-27-1, which defines generic dynamic simulation models for wind turbines, was published in February 2015. Nevertheless, the correlations of the IEC generic models with respect to specific wind turbine manufacturer models are required by the wind power industry to validate the accuracy and corresponding usability of these standard models. The present work conducts the validation of the two topologies of variable speed wind turbines that present not only the largest market share, but also the most technological advances. Specifically, the doubly-fed induction machine and the full-scale converter (FSC) topology are modeled based on the IEC 61400-27-1 guidelines. The models are simulated for a wide range of voltage dips with different characteristics and wind turbine operating conditions. The simulated response of the IEC generic model is compared to the corresponding simplified model of a wind turbine manufacturer, showing a good correlation in most cases. Validation error sources are analyzed in detail, as well. In addition, this paper reviews in detail the previous work done in this field. Results suggest that wind turbine manufacturers are able to adjust the IEC generic models to represent the behavior of their specific wind turbines for power system stability analysis.

Field Validation of Generic Type 4 Wind Turbine Models Based on IEC and WECC Guidelines

“…Subsequently, the responses of the four signals previously mentioned, as well as the field data, went through a filter with a cut-off frequency of 15 Hz, according to IEC 61400-27-1. Despite the validation method not being fully developed, as it will be in IEC 61400-27-2, it has already been used in certain works, such as [12], [31], [32]. The validation method was applied between the IEC-Field and WECC-Field pairs, instead of comparing the responses of both generic models.…”

Fault-Ride Trough Validation of IEC 61400-27-1 Type 3 and Type 4 Models of Different Wind Turbine Manufacturers

“…A generic type 4B model was validated against one voltage dip in [22], where the post-fault power oscillations were clearly observed. Generic type 3B and type 4A models, both from the same vendor, were validated in [5,8,12] based on the field results obtained from several test cases. It should be noted that the authors of the present work collaborated in most of the previously cited contributions, as well as being members of Working Group 27 of the IEC Technical Committee 88 in charge of the development of IEC 61400-27.…”

“…However, in contrast to traditional synchronous generators, most WT models are not standardized or validated [4]. In this sense, the models developed by WT manufacturers are able to reproduce the behavior of their WTs with the greatest accuracy [5]. Nevertheless, the use of WT vendor models for transient stability analysis presents the following challenges: (i) they require specific simulation software [6], (ii) each vendor model is commonly subject to a non-disclosure agreement [7], (iii) each WT has specific controls depending on the manufacturer [8], (iv) increased accuracy is provided at the expense of increased complexity and number of parameters and, as a consequence, high computation time [9].…”

Generic Type 3 Wind Turbine Model Based on IEC 61400-27-1: Parameter Analysis and Transient Response under Voltage Dips

“…This response represents the dynamic response of the Type 3 WT model under the voltage dip. Parameters from the initial benchmark system have been adjusted to be in line with the results published in previous works [18,22]. …”

“…The parameters of the model have been estimated to provide a dynamic response under voltage dips. Additionally, the results have been compared to those of other studies and simulations by manufacturers [21][22][23]. Extensive simulations have been conducted, modifying the parameters and discussing their effects on the wind turbine response in terms of active power and rotational speed.…”