Fault-Ride Trough Validation of IEC 61400-27-1 Type 3 and Type 4 Models of Different Wind Turbine Manufacturers

Abstract

The participation of wind power in the energy mix of current power systems is progressively increasing, with variable-speed wind turbines being the leading technology in recent years. In this line, dynamic models of wind turbines able to emulate their response against grid disturbances, such as voltage dips, are required. To address this issue, the International Electronic Commission (IEC) 61400-27-1, published in 2015, defined four generic models of wind turbines for transient stability analysis. To achieve a widespread use of these generic wind turbine models, validations with field data are required. This paper performs the validation of three generic IEC 61400-27-1 variable-speed wind turbine model topologies (type 3A, type 3B and type 4A). The validation is implemented by comparing simulation results with voltage dip measurements performed on six different commercial wind turbines based on field campaigns conducted by three wind turbine manufacturers. Both IEC validation approaches, the play-back and the full system simulation, were implemented. The results show that the generic full-scale converter topology is accurately adjusted to the different real wind turbines and, hence, manufacturers are encouraged to the develop generic IEC models.

Impact of Multi-Physics HiL Test Benches on Wind Turbine Certification

“…This is a type 4 wind turbine, where all power is evacuated via the converter, and the generator is almost decoupled from the grid. Therefore, not all findings in this paper may be transferable to type 3 wind turbines, where typically less than 30% of the power [33] is evacuated via the converter and the generator is directly coupled to the grid.…”

Extensive model validation for generic IEC 61400-27-1 wind turbine models

“…It has been shown that the scientific publications addressing the modelling of IEC generic WT models focus on the analysis of their responses under certain conditions or at plant level; analyse their control systems; submit them to the technical requirements defined by a national grid code or validate their behaviour using a limited number of tests. This last task is what is also done in [38], in which field measurements of different actual WTs provided by three manufacturers are used, but the analysis is limited to the conduction of 6 specific test cases. Therefore, it is clear that the present paper significantly widens the scope of that study, conducting close to 60 voltage dip tests in 7 different actual WTs, finding trends of behaviour and definitely demonstrating the usefulness, practical applicability, accuracy and reliability of Standard IEC 61400-27-1.…”

“…These mobile units, the structure of which is shown in Fig. 3 Once tests are performed, there are two approaches to replicate the voltage dip measurements in the IEC WT simulation models [38]. The first is the full system simulation approach [4], according to which the modelling of the physical test bench is required, i.e., the equivalent external grid, the interface between the grid and the machine and the WT model itself must be simulated.…”

Modelling Types 1 and 2 Wind Turbines Based on IEC 61400-27-1: Transient Response under Voltage Dips

“…However, none of these works have used the generic models proposed in Standard IEC 61400-27-1. In fact, most of the papers related to the models provided by the IEC are focused on VSWTs [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], and there is thus a lack of contributions regarding the FSWTs generic models. This paper aims to fill that gap, by describing and detailing the different subsystems needed to simulate Types 1 and 2 WTs following Standard IEC 61400-27-1.…”