Impact of Multi-Physics HiL Test Benches on Wind Turbine Certification

Kaven, Lennard; Frehn, Andreas; Basler, Maximilian; Jassmann, Uwe; Röttgers, Heiko; Konrad, Thomas; Abel, Dirk; Monti, Antonello

doi:10.3390/en15041336

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, a device in the loop control of the grid impedance is implemented on the grid emulator [21]. The PHiL setup for the impedance control is well described in [16,26].…”

Section: Impedance Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Wind Turbine Models Based on Test Bench Measurements: A System for Theoretical Representation of the Grid Replica

Frehn,

Sdun,

Grune

et al. 2023

Wind

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In recent years, nacelle test benches for wind turbines have been developed internationally. New standards are currently being developed that explicitly refer to the measurement of the electrical properties of wind turbines on these test benches. Thus, they are suitable for measuring the electrical properties required for certification. Another part of the certification is the creation and validation of suitable models of the wind turbine, which are used for stability analyses of the utility grid. Validation requires a suitable model of grid replication on the test benches, which is not yet covered by any applicable standard. Such models should be as simplified a representation of the artificial grid replication as possible to ensure that they are accessible to certification bodies. A model of the grid emulator installed at the CWD of RWTH Aachen University, which was validated with real measurement data, serves as a reference. A step-by-step reduction of the model’s depth up to the system’s technical representation is followed by a model evaluation with respect to the level of detail and an analysis of time and frequency. The evaluation shows that even a highly simplified model consisting of a reference voltage and an impedance replica meets the requirements for the validation of wind turbine models according to IEC 61400-27-2.

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“…Therefore, a device in the loop control of the grid impedance is implemented on the grid emulator [21]. The PHiL setup for the impedance control is well described in [16,26].…”

Section: Impedance Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Wind Turbine Models Based on Test Bench Measurements: A System for Theoretical Representation of the Grid Replica

Frehn,

Sdun,

Grune

et al. 2023

Wind

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“…With the increasing demand for renewable energy, the interest in nacelle test benches (NTB) for certification and validation of wind turbines (WT) is increasing [10]. With their help, wind energy industry aims to test and validate an entire WT, both the physical components as well as the automation and control, under realistic operating conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitfalls of testing wind turbine control algorithms on nacelle test benches

Klein

Basler

Abel

2023

Forsch Ingenieurwes

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The validation and certification of wind turbines (WT) on nacelle test benches (NTB) is becoming increasingly important in the development process. While for certifiers the advantage lies in controlled test execution, for development departments it lies in testing as many system components as possible in a quasi-final prototype. However, the question arises which practical conditions must be fulfilled so that statements can also be made about WT control. In addition to the errors induced by a mechanical Hardware in the Loop (mHiL) system, the dynamic interactions between the WT controller and the NTB controller applying the mHiL concept are of interest. This analytical work based on simulations aims to systematically investigate how realistic the control behavior of a WT operated on a NTB is. For this purpose, the nominal behavior of a WT is compared with the operation on a NTB under realistic conditions and the resulting differences are subsequently reproduced in a synthetic load case. Finally, the differences are analyzed in terms of system theory. It is found that a frequency-dependent distorted behavior caused by operating the WT on a NTB is responsible for strong deviations compared to the WT operation in field. In the controller configuration studied, gain amplifications up to $$5.17\,\text{dB}$$ 5.17 dB are identified. The distortion is not exclusively caused by the mHiL closed loop behavior, but results from the interaction of all subsystems in both control loops. Therefore, its behavior is identified as a function of the system and controller parameters of both the WT and the NTB.

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“…This technique allows for the emulation of system behavior in real time with accurate results [1]. One of the most recently published research studies on wind turbine certification shows small enough deviations between field-based and HIL-based simulation results [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Word Length Selection with Boundary Conditions for HIL of Power Converters

García-Vellisca,

Gómez Muñoz,

Martínez-García

et al. 2023

Electronics

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Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) is a common technique used for testing in power electronics. It draws upon FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays) because they allow for reaching real-time simulation for mid-high switching frequencies. FPGA area and delay are keys to reaching a compromise between performance and accuracy. To minimize area and delay, signal word length (WL) is critical. Furthermore, the input and output’s WL should be carefully chosen because these signals come from ADCs (analog-to-digital converters) or go to DACs (digital-to-analog converters). In other words, the role of ADCs and DACs is the boundary condition when assigning all the signal WLs in an HIL model. This research presents an automatic method for computing the signal WLs in the corresponding model by considering input/output boundary conditions. This automatic method needs a single simulation to decide both the integer and fractional width of every signal. Our method accelerates the process, showing an advantage over manual methods and those requiring multiple simulations. The proposed method is applied to create all the WL assignments to the signals involved in a fixed-point coded buck converter model, which shows its feasibility.

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Impact of Multi-Physics HiL Test Benches on Wind Turbine Certification

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Validation of Wind Turbine Models Based on Test Bench Measurements: A System for Theoretical Representation of the Grid Replica

Validation of Wind Turbine Models Based on Test Bench Measurements: A System for Theoretical Representation of the Grid Replica

Pitfalls of testing wind turbine control algorithms on nacelle test benches

Automatic Word Length Selection with Boundary Conditions for HIL of Power Converters

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