This paper analyzes the response under voltage dips of a Type 3 wind turbine topology based on IEC 61400-27-1. The evolution of both active power and rotational speed is discussed in detail when some of the most relevant control parameters, included in the mechanical, active power and pitch control models, are modified. Extensive results are also included to explore the influence of these parameters on the model dynamic response. This work thus provides an extensive analysis of the generic Type 3 wind turbine model and provides an estimation of parameters not previously discussed in the specific literature. Indeed, the International Standard IEC 61400-27-1, recently published in February 2015, defines these generic dynamic simulation models for wind turbines, but does not provide values for the parameters to simulate the response of these models. Thus, there is a pressing need to establish correlations between IEC generic models and specific wind turbine manufacturer models to estimate suitable parameters for simulation purposes. Extensive results and simulations are also included in the paper.

The generic wind turbine models developed in recent years by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Western Electricity Coordinated Council (WECC) are intended to meet the needs of public, standard, and relatively simple (small number of parameters and computational requirements) wind turbine and wind farm models used to conduct transient stability analysis. Moreover, the full-scale converter (FSC) wind turbine technology referred to as Type 4 by IEC and WECC, is increasingly used in current power systems due to its control benefits. Hence, the development of this generic model has become a priority.This study presents the validation of two generic Type 4 wind turbine models, which have been developed in accordance with the IEC and WECC guidelines, respectively. Field data collected from a real wind turbine located in a Spanish wind farm was used to validate both generic Type 4 wind turbine models following the IEC validation guidelines. Ten different test cases are considered, varying not only the depth and duration of the faults but also the load of the wind turbine. The parameters of the models were kept constant for all the simulation cases, aiming to evaluate the accuracy of the models when facing different voltage dips.

Ancillary services are intended to ensure the quality, reliability, and security conditions of the electricity supply. Active power‐related ancillary services are considered balancing services, including mandatory services, such as spinning or primary regulation, and optional services, such as secondary and tertiary regulation. These optional balancing services have typically been supplied by conventional power plants, but since their contribution to the production share is decreasing due to high renewable energy penetration, power system operators are currently in need of alternatives. In addition, the recent advances in both the wind power industry and power system observability and controllability, and the necessary changes in balancing markets have made it technically and economically possible for wind power plants to contribute to optional balancing services. Under this framework, our study focuses on the contribution of wind power to balancing markets in the Spanish power system. Specifically, this work analyses the operational capability test for wind energy active power ancillary services provision and the results of the participation of wind energy to tertiary regulation and imbalance management from February 2016 to July 2017. Furthermore, the analysis includes a comparison with other generation technologies and the identification of upward and downward direction margins. These results show the real experience of the contribution of Spanish wind energy to optional active power ancillary services. This article is categorized under: Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure

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The widespread use of renewable energies around the world has generated the need for new tools and resources to allow them to be properly integrated into current power systems. Power system operators need new dynamic generic models of wind turbines and wind farms adaptable to any vendor topology and which permit transient stability analysis of their networks with the required accuracy. Under this framework, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) have developed their own generic dynamic models of wind turbines for stability analysis. Although these entities work in conjunction, the focus of each is slightly different. The WECC models attempt to minimise the complexity and number of parameters needed, while the IEC approach aims to optimise comparison with real turbine measurements. This study presents a detailed comparison between these two different approaches for modeling a Type 3 (i.e., DFIG) wind turbine in MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, several simulations are conducted, with which the consequences of the different approaches are evaluated. The results of this paper are of interest to power system operators as well as wind turbine manufacturers who require further assistance in adapting their specific models to the simplified versions provided by the International Committees.Nomenclature P control active power control Q control reactive power control Q limitation reactive current limitation IET Renew. Power Gener.

Forecasts for 2023 position wind energy as the third-largest renewable energy source in the world. This rapid growth brings with it the need to conduct transient stability studies to plan network operation activities and analyze the integration of wind power into the grid, where generic wind turbine models have emerged as the optimal solution. In this study, the generic Type 3 wind turbine model developed by Standard IEC 61400-27-1 was submitted to two voltage dips and implemented in two simulation tools: MATLAB/Simulink and DIgSILENT-PowerFactory. Since the Standard states that the responses of the models are independent of the software used, the active and reactive power results of both responses were compared following the IEC validation guidelines, finding, nevertheless, slight differences dependent on the specific features of each simulation software. The behavior of the generic models was assessed, and their responses were also compared with field measurements of an actual wind turbine in operation. Validation errors calculated were comprehensively analyzed, and the differences in the implementation processes of both software tools are highlighted. The outcomes obtained help to further establish the limitations of the generic wind turbine models, thus achieving a more widespread use of Standard IEC 61400-27-1.

Abstract. According to the International ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC), the standardization and modelling of generic Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) is a key fact which allows the co-operation of international organizations in the electrical field.Thus, according to the IEC 61400-27-1, the generic Type 1 WTG model has been implemented and simulated in DIgSILENTPowerFactory (PF). In fact, PF is the preferred software tool for some of the European network operators. The process of structuring and construction of the different WTG components within PF are conveniently described in this paper.In order to correctly simulate the generic IEC WTG model in PF, aerodynamic and mechanical systems are also required. For this reason, the Dynamic Simulation Language (DSL) tool within PF has been used for modelling these non-electrical components. Moreover, this language allows the dynamic modelling of linear and non-linear systems.Finally, once all the WTG components have been defined, normal and fault conditions have been analyzed in order to study the WTG dynamic response.